基于景观特征的香格里拉地域识别研究简

近10多年来，香格里拉逐渐由一个世外桃源形象转变为一个炙手可热的商业品牌，“香格里拉之争”已引起了学术界和管理部门的广泛关注。基于Hilton的小说对香格里拉的地理位置描述相对抽象、对自然人文景观描述相对具体的特点，本文从自然和人文两方面归纳了香格里拉的景观特征，并基于空间分析方法，对中国香格里拉的地域分布进行了识别。研究认为：①香格里拉的自然景观特征主要体现在雪山冰川、高山草甸、针阔混交林等，人文景观特征主要体现在喇嘛庙等藏族聚居区形象、浓郁的藏文化氛围等；②香格里拉景观地域主要集中分布在喜马拉雅山脉东端、横断山脉的川滇藏交接区近60万km²的范围内；③采用典型景观特征的可度量指标，利用GIS空间分析方法，可以判定类似于香格里拉的典型景观的分布范围。

Landscape Characteristics of Shangri-La and the Spatial Distribution Identifying Method

India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and the western Chinese provinces of Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai and Gansu have all claimed that Shangri-la is located in their own jurisdiction. All stakeholders are keen to develop their regional economies by claiming the Shangri-la title and transforming the spiritual symbol of paradise into a golden brand of tourism. Despite several attempts to identify the actual geographic distribution of Shangri-la, controversy remains. Here, we reference Hilton's Lost horizon and define the landscape characteristic of Shangri-la from both natural and human aspects using a spatial analysis model and GIS. We found that the natural landscape of Shangri-la is embodied by glaciers, snow mountains, alpine meadows, coniferous and broadleaved mix forest and some subtropical paddy land under gradual altitudinal zonation; the human landscape is denoted by the lama temple and white tower in Tibetan settlements. In China, the Shangri-la landscape is mainly distributed to the east end of the Himalaya Mountains, Sichuan, Yunnan and the Tibet joint area in the Hengduan mountain area. In order to build a first-class tourism brand and form a regional image of this paradise, a win-win relationship rather than a competitive one among stakeholders should be established. All stakeholders should play a different role according to their own traits in the natural and human landscape, natural resources, traditional cultural and tourism development route.