康德伦理学在俄罗斯民族生命中——关于康德伦理学思想的一种跨文化阐释

在面对俄罗斯近二三百年的历史之谜时,人们也总是不免要产生这样的疑惑,即这个本来野蛮、落后、没有文化的民族,何以在短短一两个世纪中就获得了这样高度的精神发展。像超越时代的理想主义,彻底清醒的批判现实精神,以及他们对于正义、善良和爱的刻意执着,所有这些现代俄罗斯精神都很难从它的古典传统中得到解释。在某种意义上讲,它们只能根源于康德晦涩的伦理学体系。这两者之间的本质联系可以表述为,康德为现代俄罗斯提供了关于伦理实践的先验构架,而俄罗斯人则以不屈不挠的奋斗牺牲承担了那种崇高的道德律令。一言以蔽之,这是伟大的思想形式和强劲的现实力量的完美结合。

Kant's Ethics in the Life of the Russian Nation

Is it not amazing that the Russian nation, which was a barbarian, backward and uncivilized nation, should have a-chieved such a high - level spiritual development in a relatively a short period of about two centuries? This is what people inevitably find difficult to understand when they are facing the historical puzzle that the Russians have a history of only two to three hundred years. All modern Russian spiritual characteristics - their idealism which transcends their present era, their sober spirit of critical realism and their clinging pursuit for justice, goodness and love - are indeed very difficult to explain from Russian classical traditions. In a certain sense, they can only originate from Kant" s obscure ethics. The substantial relationship between the two can be presented as follows: Kant provides the modern Russians with a transcendental configuration for the ethical practice, while the Russians undertake the grand moral discipline with their indomitable struggle and even sacrifice. In a word, it is a perfect integration of great ideas with powerful forces.