从“总体性社会”到“个体化社会”：中国武术发展问题的成因分析

摘要：中国武术作为一种社会资源，其当时的发展受到“总体性社会”的制约。“个体化社会”的到来，打破了“总体性社会”的束缚与控制，个体的崛起对群体意识、集体利益产生了影响，对中国武术的门派延承，家族、师徒传播产生了一定的影响。基于此，主要采用文献资料法、比较分析法等研究方法，从“总体性”到“个体化”的社会转型视角，客观分析中国武术当下存在问题的原因。研究认为：“个体化社会”的到来，打破了“总体性社会”的束缚，使武术的发展脱离了国家控制的单一发展模式，转向了多元的发展方向。然而，逐步发展的“个体化社会”的某些基质却打破了中国武术生成与发展的文化场域，削弱了其家族、师徒传承方式；动摇了武术门派存在与延承的社会基础。但是，新的社会环境、经济环境、文化环境使得个体在“健康中国”战略背景下对武术处于一种健身、休闲的消费行为，又可满足中国武术再度勃发的客观要求和主观观望。

From " Totality Society" to "Individualized Society": Genetic Analysis of Problems Existed in the Development of Chinese Wushu

Abstract: As a social resource, the development of Chinese Wushu is restricted by the totality society. Individualized society breaks the shackles and control of the totality society, the rise of individual influences group consciousness and collective interests, which affected the continuation of Chinese Wushu including family and master and pupil communication. This study analyzed the problems existed in Chinese Wushu from the perspective of social transformation of totality to individualization by the methods of literature review and comparative analysis. Conclusions: Individualized society breaks the shackles and control of the totality society, which makes the development of Wushu break away from single mode controlled by the state and turn to diversification. However, some components of individualized society have broken the culture field of Chinese Wushu formation and development, weakened the family and master and pupil inheritance ways, and shaken the social basis of existence and extension of Wushu styles. The new social environment, the economic environment and the cultural environment make Wushu become a recreational and recreational consumption behavior for individuals under the background of healthy China, and satisfies the objective demands and subjective expectations of Chinese Wushu.