“全新中国”的文学想象——对毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》的一种解读

《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》是毛泽东为强调“全新中国”政治构想所推出的“全新文学”构想,集中体现了毛泽东的乌托邦意识.从其乌托邦意识形成和表现来看,农民子弟身份和浪漫主义诗人情怀强化了毛泽东文化实践和革命生活中的乌托邦色彩,直接影响到《讲话》“政治文本的文学想象”品质形成；从新民主主义理论体系来看,《讲话》是对《新民主主义论》的一次文学艺术方面具体出演,演绎的是社会发展形态的构想与展望,服从于毛泽东关于社会发展的乌托邦想象；从20世纪文学与政治关系的角度来看,《讲话》所包含的乌托邦意识表现在对民族国家形象与文学形象的共鸣式叠合的理性诉求,是对历史的自行展开过程的一种高清度的把握.毛泽东借用乌托邦思想所显示的不满现存、指向未来的努力,使《讲话》文本和全新文学实践保持了理想与现实之间的巨大张力,体现了超越时代的历史性追求.

Literary Imagination of "the Brand New China"

MAO Ze-dong’s The Speech at literature and arts symposium in Yan’an set forth his conception of "New Literature",which was adapted to the political vision of the "new China",embodying MAO’s utopian consciousness.His identity of being both a farmer’s son and kind of a romantic poet helped to tinge his revolutionary life and cultural practice with a utopian flavor,directly contributing to the formation of the speech’s character of "literary imagination within a political text".From the perspective of the new democracy theory,the Speech is an enactment of his literary and artistic ideas set forth in his book On the New Democracy,and of his conception and vision of social morphology as part of his utopian imagination of social development.Seen from another perspective,the utopian consciousness encapsulated in the Speech appeals reasonably to an image of a nation state and its corresponding image reflected in literature,demonstrating a clear vision of the unfolding process of history.By borrowing the utopian thought,Mao shows in his Speech his dissatisfaction with the existing social order and his pursuit of great historical significance.