河南省农村小学留守儿童的体育状况及其影响因素分析——以新乡、焦作地区为例

随着社会的发展，留守儿童的生活境遇已成为突出的社会问题。从社会学和义务教育公平的角度，运用体育学、教育学、心理学等学科的知识，以新乡、焦作两地区的农村小学留守儿童的体育行为为研究对象，采用问卷调查、实地考察、访谈法、个案研究、数理统计、对比分析等研究方法，进行深入的考察和调查，了解河南省农村留守儿童的体育行为状况，分析影响农村留守儿童学校体育行为的因素。研究结果：1）得出留守儿童参与体育活动的基本情况：参与体育活动的积极性不太高；项目多为民族传统项目或游戏；不愿参加集体性活动，多参加3人以下的活动或独自玩耍，其中利弊兼有；部分留守儿童在体育活动巾有捣乱、破坏和暴力行为。2）得出影响留守儿童体育状况的因素：监护人重养不重教，怕有危险担不起责任；受班主任的影响大，受体育教师的影响不太大。对存在的问题提出建议：对体育教师和监护人进行培训，按照一定的规律进行教学，学校应配备有专门负责留守儿童教师，辅导他们的学习、生活、课外体育活动。学校建立留守儿童体育档案，加强对农村留守儿童体育活动的领导、组织和检查，保证课外体育锻炼质量。发挥大学生村官的职能和长处，在人力与智力等方面提供帮助。建议政府部门组建城乡教师定期交流，使之制度化、规范化，逐渐使农村教育更加科学化。

Left -behind Children in Rural Primary School in Henan Province of Sports Situation and Its Analysis of In-fluencing Factors——Taking Xinxiang, Jiaozuo Area Example

With the development of society, the living condition of Left -behind Children has become a prominent social problem. In this paper, sociology and Compulsory education in the perspective of fairness, the use knowledge of sports, education ,psychology and other disciplines, to Xinxiang, Jiaozuo two areas primary schools in rural of the sports behavior of Left - behind Children as the research object, the use of a questionnaire survey, field visits, interviews, case studies, mathematical statistics, comparative analysis and other methods and so on, conduct in -depth study and investigation into the Left- behind Children in rural Henan Province sports behavior, analyzing the impact of rural school sports behavior of left -behind children. The results：l. Come to the basic conditions of participation of Left - behind Children in sports activities ： active participation in sports is not too high ; Projects for national projects or traditional games ; Do not want to participate in collective activities and to participate in the activities of less 3 or alone to play, including the advantages and disadvantages of both ; Part Left - behind Children in sports activities in disturbance, destruction and acts of violence. 2. come to influence factors of the situation of left - behind Children in sports： Guardians do not re - raise and re - education, fear of responsibility is dangerous can not afford; by the great impact of head teacher, and by physical education teachers do not have a great impact. The problems of the proposed： for training of teachers and guardians, teaching in accordance with the certain laws, schools should be equipped with teachers for Left - behind Children, guiding their learning, life, extra - curricular sports activities. To establish physical files of left - behind children in school, to strengthen the Left - behind Children in rural sports leadership, organization and inspection to ensure the quality of extra - curricular in physical activity. To play a village official functions and strengths, in the areas of manpower and intelligence to help. Recommending government departments to establish regular exchange of teachers in urban and rural areas, so that the institutionalization, standardization, and gradually to make rural education more scientific.