旅游活动对民族文化村寨影响效应的研究——以贵州省西江苗寨为例

以贵州省黔东南州西江千户苗寨为研究对象，调查了村民对旅游影响的感知，分析了旅游活动对目的地社会经济文化影响的效应。结果显示：村民感知到旅游活动促进了当地经济发展、增加了收入、改善了交通，但也减弱了村民对民族文化的认同感；旅游活动对社区主要影响：外来常住人口增多，大量村民外出务工，景区空心化，景区管理重经济效益、轻文化保护，景区都市化严重，村寨民族文化同质化、商业化特征突出。因此，需要认清西江苗寨这种功能变迁的利弊，因势利导地处理好村民“二重性主体”特征，加强旅游开发中的村民参与，提高村民保护民族文化的责任与意识，创新、优化旅游开发管理思路与目标，促进西江千户苗寨可持续发展。

A Study on the Effect of Tourism Activities on Ethnic Culture Community:A Case of Xijiang Miao Village in Guizhou Province

Taking Xijiang Village with thousand Miao families in southeastern Guizhou Province as an example, this article studies on the villagers＇ perception and analyzes the socio-economic impacts of tourism activities on the ethnic village. The results show that the villagers have significant perceptions to such effects of tourism activities as promoting economic development, increasing incoming, improving traffic infrastructure, yet decreasing self-identity of ethnic culture. The impacts of tourism activities on ethnic community are obvious. A lien resident population increases, more and more villagers move outside for job, and the scenic area becomes hollowness. Moreover, the government paid more attention to the economy than to the culture conservation. The scenic urbanization is becoming more and more serious, and the homogenization and commercialization of ethic culture has become promi- nent. Therefore, the authors put forward to suggestions as followings： recognizing the pros and cons of the change of ethic village functions, disposing the villagers ＂duality of subject＂ feature in accordance with the situation, enhancing villages participation in the tourism development, promoting the responsibility and awareness of villagers to protecting Miao＇ s culture, innovating and optimizing ideas and goals of tourism development and management, promoting sustainable development of the Xijiang Village with thousand Miao families.