中国体育学演进历程探析——基于学科建构路径理论

采用文献资料和逻辑分析法，基于学科建构路径理论，对中国体育学演化历程进行全局式的考察，并在同一理论框架下和西方体育学进行比较。研究表明，中国体育学演进未经历"问题研究形态"，直接进入"研究领域形态"进而演化为"学科范畴形态"；社会需求是中国体育学演进的第一驱动力，哲学思潮的影响贯穿了中国体育学整个发展历程，求知欲和学科间协同作用对中国体育学的影响在改革开放之后逐渐增大；中国体育学是以综合性学科形态出现并演化，改革开放之后稳定的学科制度保障了学科理智充分发展，形成中国特色的体育学学科体系；中国体育学学科建构路径在时间轴上和西方体育学"学科范畴形态"相并联，中国体育学"应然学科"的特征更加明显；西方体育学演进呈现出"汇川成海"的特征，中国体育学演进呈现出"支离破碎"的特点。

Rural Sports Public Service Operation Mechanism

Through literature study and investigation, this paper discussed problems in rural sports public service mechanism as academic compositions and real malpractice. It held that the operation mechanism of rural sports public service could be summed up as seven mechanism systems, every mechanism worked differently in different phases of rural sports public service. Therefore, the dominant mechanism should play the main role in a certain phase. There still existed such drawbacks such as the decision-making mechanism was not sound, the supply was not in line with the demand, the financing mechanism and incentive mechanism was in lack, the supervision mechanism was weak and evaluation mechanism was not good. Therefore, the paper advised that the academic study of rural sports public service mechanism should be deepened for its perfection, the total construction be heightened for its linkage effect and function and the specific operation mechanism construction be strengthened for the improvement of operating efficiency and effect.