多感觉学习及其在阅读障碍和自闭症干预中的应用

多感觉学习是指同时呈现视觉、听觉、嗅觉、体感觉等不同感觉模式信息组合获得经验与知识的学习方式,较单一感觉学习模式表现出诸多优势。本文首先从神经科学的角度回顾了多感觉学习的脑基础,即多感觉整合。多感觉学习增强了不同大脑部位的激活水平,同时加强了不同脑区之间的功能联系,从而导致学习效率的提高。研究表明阅读障碍和自闭症患者的多感觉整合能力表现出明显的缺陷,因此通过多感觉学习训练可以改善患者的多感觉整合能力,从而起到较好的行为干预效果。

The Multisensory Learning and Its Applications in the Intervention of Dyslexia and Autism

The multisensory learning (ML) happens when the information is acquired by two or more of modalities (such as vision, audition, touch and olfaction so on) simultaneously. Many lines of evidence have showed that the ML is much more effective than unisensory learning. We first review the neural basis for the ML, which is associated with the multisensory integration, a phenomenon of enhancement of activation of certain regions in our brain or the increased connections between those brain areas when two or more modalities of sensory information are presented at the same time. Several disorders including dyslexia and autism have been shown to be deficient in the multisensory integration, the ML training could enhance the activities in brain areas related multisensory integration and strengthen the functional connections between those areas, so the ML training could be used in the intervention of dyslexia and autism and displays much more efficiency than traditional approaches.