振动训练对田径运动员下肢爆发力和身体成分的长时效应研究

通过对田径运动员进行8周振动训练,对比训练前后运动员下肢肌群爆发力及身体成分的变化,旨在了解数周振动训练对提高下肢爆发力的作用,探讨振动训练对田径运动员力量训练的意义,为田径运动员力量训练提供新的思路与参考。20名青年男性田径运动员,随机分为振动组10人,对照组10人。振动组采用振动训练台30 Hz频率、2 mm振幅对下肢进行为期8周的振动训练,对照组则进行8周传统的下肢力量训练。训练前后分别对运动员进行身体成分测试和下蹲跳测试(CMJ)测试。结果显示,振动组与对照组8周训练前后CMJ成绩出现非常显著的提高(P<0.01),骨骼肌含量出现显著性增加(P<0.05),而体脂百分比无显著性变化(P>0.05)。振动组与对照组组间CMJ成绩具有显著性差异(P<0.05),骨骼肌含量和体脂百分比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。由此得出结论,本研究所采用的8周振动训练方案可以有效提高田径运动员下肢肌群爆发力,且效果比传统器械力量训练更为明显,但对运动员身体成分组成影响效果并不显著,有待进一步研究。

The Chronic Effects of Vibration Training on Explosive Power and Body Composition of Athletes

The aim of this study was to compare the performance-enhancing effects of vibration strength training and conventional strength training for athletes.The subjects were 20 professional athletes,dividing into two groups randomly.The intervention period consisted of 8 weeks.During the intervention,one group was defined as the vibration group,which performed vibration strength training on the Power Plate,while the other group,the control group,performed the same training plan without vibration.Body composition and the maximum jump height in countermovement jump(CMJ) were tested before and after the 8 weeks’ intervention.The results showed that CMJ performance and skeleton muscle mass increased significantly in both groups(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference of the body fat percentage in both groups(P>0.05).Moreover,comparing to the control group,the CMJ performance of vibration group increased significantly(P<0.05).In conclusion,the results point that 8 weeks’ vibration training in this study has superiority compared with similar training without vibration regarding the explosive power of the professional athletes.