农民进城的就业壁垒对农民收入增长和城乡收入差距的影响

近几年来，农民收入处于徘徊状态，城乡收入差距也不见明显缩小，这一问题引起了社会各界的广泛关注，本探讨农民进城的就业壁垒对农民收入增长和城乡收入差距的影响。实证分析表明；农产品与农村工业品的相对价格（即贸易条件）既增加了农民收入，也缩小了城乡收入差距，非农业部门的增长虽然增加了农民收入，但由于对农村劳动力进城就业进行了限制，从而扩大了城乡收入差距，农民进城的就业壁垒既降低了农民收入，也扩大了城乡收入差距，对城市居民的补贴扩大了城乡收入差距。

The Effect of the Resistance to the Immigration of Rural Labor to Urban Areas on Rise in Farmers' Income and Income Difference between Urban Residents and Farmers

The stagnation of rise in farmers' income during recent years and the wide difference of income between urban residents and farmers have aroused attention all over the country. This article tries to empirically explore the effect of the resistance to the immigration of rural labor to urban areas on the rise in farmers' income and the income difference between urban residents and farmers. The empirical result shows that the rise in the relative price of agricultural products to industrial products in rural areas (terms of trade) has both increased the farmers' income and lessened the income difference. Though the growth of the non-agricultural sector has increased farmers' income, it has also widened the income difference because of the resistance to the immigration of rural labor to urban areas. The resistance to the immigration of rural labor to urban areas has not only decreased farmers' income, but also widened the income difference. The subsidies to urban residents have also widened the income difference.