自然场景信息提取和验证加工的眼动研究

由于眼球追踪可以用来记录人们观看自然场景图片和理解信息时的实时眼球运动,因此,采用眼动技术考察＂句子图片＂范式中,呈现顺序和信息特征对语义失配效应的影响.实验采用3（句法）×2（语义关系）因子设计,句法和语义关系是被试内变量.实验发现,语义失配会增加人们的认知负荷,即第1遍通过时间、回视路径时间和总注视时间显著增加;双重否定没有显著增加图片和信息的加工难度.实验结果表明,人们能够从长时记忆中提取特定的句法策略来处理不同语义关系的图片和句子.这种句法加工策略使得读者能够将双重否定转换成肯定.研究结果证明成分比较模型可能无法适用于其他类型的语言.

Eye movements during inspecting pictures of natural scenes for information to verify sentences

As eye tracking can be used to record moment-to-moment changes of eye movements as people inspect pictures of natural scenes and comprehend information, this paper attempts to use eye-movement technology to investigate how the order of presentation and the characteristics of information affect the semantic mismatch effect in the picture-sentence paradigm. A 3（syntax）×2（semantic relation） factorial design is adopted, with syntax and semantic relations as within-participant variables. The experiment finds that the semantic mismatch is most likely to increase cognitive loads as people have to spend more time, including first-pass time, regression path duration, and total fixation duration. Double negation does not significantly increase the processing difficulty of pictures and information. Experimental results show that people can extract the special syntactic strategy from long-term memory to process pictures and sentences with different semantic relations. It enables readers to comprehend double negation as affirmation. These results demonstrate that the constituent comparison model may not be a general model regarding other languages.