中国东部沿海地区农业污染风险地域分异研究

农业面源污染已经成为我国水体污染的主要原因,其排放总量呈不断增长趋势,在我国东部沿海发达地区尤为突出。本研究从环境压力水平、环境压力强度方面选取11项农业污染风险评价指标,综合评估东部沿海地区化肥、农药、农膜污染及畜禽养殖污染的风险,并运用因子分析和聚类分析法,将东部沿海地区划分为高、中、低三类农业污染风险区。东部沿海地区农业污染中、高风险区主要集中在京津冀都市区、河北省南部地区、山东省、江苏省北部及沿海地区、上海都市区、闽南地区、广东省西部地区及海南省,河北省和山东省农业污染风险尤为严峻。东部沿海地区的农业环境问题面临着巨大挑战,因地制宜的农业环境经济政策迫在眉睫。

Geographical Differentiation of Agriculture-Related Pollution Risk in Eastern Coastal China

Agriculture-related pollutants have been identified as one of the dominant contributors to contamination of air,water and soil systems in China,especially surface water eutrophication and groundwater nitrate enrichment at the catchment and national or regional scales. However,few studies have tested geographical differentiation in the case of integrated agricultural pollutants, although there have been abundant research into industrial pollution and urban ecology. Here,we first establish the evaluation index system of agricultural pollution risk from the point of the overall level,per capita level and intensity,and then estimate and evaluate agricultural pollution risk including of agricultural synthetic fertilizer pollutants,pesticide pollutants and livestock and poultry wastes,taking eastern coastal areas of China as the study area. Finally,geographical differentiation of agriculture-related environmental issues is investigated using factor analysis and cluster analysis methods. This study indicated there are three types of zones with regards to agricultural pollution risk in the eastern coastal area of China. The areas with serious agricultural pollution risk are mainly concentrated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan areas,southern areas of Hebei,most of Shandong,northern and coastal areas of Jiangsu,Shanghai metropolitan area,southeast Fujian province,western Guangdong and most areas of Hainan,related to the spatial pattern of China's agricultural production. The research,monitoring and planning of the agro-environment should be strengthened for these areas,especially the Huang-Huai-Hai region. At present,eastern China is subject to tremendous challenges to address special agro-environment issues. A combination of environmental economic policies that distinguish types of pollutants, regions scales and time periods,including implementing ecological agricultural engineering technology and breaking the urban-rural dual structure will be essential. For example,systematic exploitation and extension of the rural methane project is a current crux of agricultural ecologicalization. Although further theoretical and quantitative investigation is clearly needed before any unquestionable conclusion can be drawn, deriving likely agro-environment regionalization is helpful to advancing policy debate on agriculture and environment.