农村初级中学学校效能的增值性评价——基于我国西部五省调研数据的实证分析

随着学校效能研究的深入和统计技术的进步,学校效能增值评价日益成为学校效能评价的主流。以学生学业成绩和学生适应性为学校效能评价的指标,运用两水平线性模型对我国西部地区85所农村初中进行增值评价,发现:在提高学校效能方面,学校间存在明显差异;按原始分数获得的学校排名与按增值评价获得的排名存在较大差异;不同学科间的学校效能显著相关;学校效能在不同省份间存在较大差异;学生学习基础仍然是造成学生成绩差距的主要原因;学校基本条件对学生学业成绩作用明显等。据此,提出有利于提高学校效能的建议,如以增值评价为手段,建立增值评价指标体系;合理制定学校发展规划,走学校特色发展之路;教师应针对不同起点学生因材施教等。

Rural Middle School Effectiveness Evaluation with Value-added Method in China's Western Region

With the development of school effectiveness research and the progress of statistical technology,the school effectiveness evaluation with value-added method has become the mainstream of school effectiveness evaluation.After studying the western region in China,it is found that no distinct difference exists in improving students’ achievements;but there are some differences between the original scores and value-added evaluation.(i) There is significant relationship among subjects;(ii) school effectiveness differs among provinces;(iii) varieties in students’ command of what they have learnt are still the main cause for their gaps;(iv) schools’ basic facilities have an immediate influence on students’ learning.The paper therefore proposes to establish an evaluation index system with value-added evaluation as the means,to design rational plan to advance characteristic ways of development for schools,and to teach according to the varied personalities and conditions of different subjects.