新能源汽车产业政策的国际比较研究

本文从产业创新链和政策工具两个维度构建了新兴产业政策研究的理论框架,选取五个典型的发达国家和"金砖国家",以新能源汽车产业为例运用内容分析法对比研究了相关政策。研究发现:从产业创新链的角度,政策的制定与出台必须结合产业的发展规律;从政策工具的角度,政策的侧重与完善必须瞄准产业发展的瓶颈;十个国家的政策样本表明,政策的完善程度与产业的发展实际基本一致。进一步,针对中国新能源汽车产业政策体系存在的问题,从加大供给端政策的出台力度、环境支撑端特别重视充/换电等基础设施的建设、需求端采取"短期以公共交通为主,长期发展私人交通"的策略三个方面提出相应的政策建议。

International comparison of industrial policies for new-energy vehicles

This paper develops a theoretical framework from the two dimensions of industrial innovation chain and policy instruments, with a purpose to conduct a cross-country analysis on the new-energy vehicle industry's policies and then provide implications for policy-making systems. This research has adopted the method of content analysis to analyze the five typical developed countries (USA, Japan, Germany, France and UK) and "BRICS countries". The research findings are as follows: firstly,from the dimension of industrial innovation chain, policy formulation must follow the nature of the specific industry's development; secondly, in regard to the dimensions of policy instruments, policies' improvement must tackle the problems emerging from the bottleneck of special industry development; thirdly, ten countries' policy samples have demonstrated that the perfection degree of policy-making system in the new-energy vehicle industry has determined the industry's actual performance. Furthermore, in order to improve policy-making system of Chinese new-energy vehicle industry, this paper proposed three implications including increasing policies' formulation to feed the supply side, emphasizing continuously to establish more charging stations or piles by considering the environmental side, and adopting the strategy of "public transportation is encouraged in the short term, while private transportation will be encouraged in the long term" from the demand side.