中国创新发展的过程与战略构成——改革开放以来的实践与经验

创新发展是中国经济实现快速赶超的基础。当创新发展作为国家战略推进时,包括4个重要方面,即发展战略导向、创新发展组织、创新资本投入和创新发展整体性推进。中国创新发展在以上4个方面均表现出国家主导的特征:在战略选择上,中国改革开放之后先后制定了以扩大出口为导向的大国战略和以自主创新为导向的强国战略;创新组织上,中国发展起了国家战略导向的垂直整合组织方式,以及以高新区为主的环境支撑型创新组织方式;创新资本投入上,形成了中央财政投资项目制、地方政府以投融资平台进行投资的方式,以及各种政府主导的科技金融模式;在国家创新的整体推进上,中国已由工业化推动城市化升级为新型城市化与发展创新性经济互相促进的阶段。以上4个方面形成了中国创新发展的独特路径。

The Process and Components of China's Innovative Development Strategy: A Summary Since the Reform and Opening

Innovational development is the basis for China to catch up with and surpass leading countries at a fast pace. When generating an innovational development strategy, a country should focus on four aspects: development strategy direction, innovational development organization, capital investment for innovation, and the overall social progress to promote innovational development. Throughout modern history, practices in many countries demonstrate that these four aspects are basic components of the national innovational development strategy. China''s innovational development reflects the state-led model in all four above aspects. As for development strategy, after the opening and reform policy, China adopted the strategy of export-led growth, and independent innovation oriented growth, The government introduced a series of policies to expand export and increase attractiveness for international capital, at the same time, it emphasized independent innovation ability to develop new industries and promote innovation and entrepreneurship, etc. For innovational development organization, China developed a vertically integrated structure, and an environment supporting structure with Hi-tech Zones as the core element to attract innovation resources including talents, venture capital, research centers, and advanced service firms . As for capital mobilization and innovation investment, the Chinese central government adopted a "project-led" way to invest in innovation activities, that is, the central government invests in projects, the local governments invest through the financing platforms, as well as various government-led science and technology financial models. As for promoting innovation development, China has moved from the old model of urbanization driven by industrialization to a new model where new urbanization and the development of innovational economy are supplementing each other and developing together. All the four above aspects formed the unique innovational development path of China.