唯美主义批评在法国的兴起、分化与消歇

法国是唯美主义批评的重镇。戈蒂耶与波德莱尔是法国唯美主义批评的代表作家。戈蒂耶率先在文学艺术领域套用康德的纯粹美概念,提出了文学艺术的自律命题,从而成为了唯美主义批评的开创者。波德莱尔在戈蒂耶与爱伦.坡的基础上,进一步提出了人的主体性地位的确立、先验领域的销蚀、现世人生的拯救等诗学命题,开拓了唯美主义批评的诗学空间。法国唯美主义批评在波氏以后产生了两种倾向:一种专注于现实、专注于已知,强调文学艺术与科学的结合;另一种则崇尚波德莱尔所标举的奇异美。两种倾向,或融入自然主义或融入象征主义以至于走向终结。

The Rise, Diversity and Fade of Aestheticism in France

France played an irreplaceable,important role in the development of Aestheticism.The French poets,especially Théophile Gautier and Charles Baudelaire,are of unparalleled value to the birth of Aestheticism.It was Théophile Gautier who first applied Kant's concept of "pure beauty" to the poetics,presented the proposition of "iterary self-discipline",and thus became a pioneer of Aestheticism.Charles Baudelaire,following the path of Théophile Gautier and Edgar Allen Poe,put forward a series of poetic propositions,such as the establishment of individualism,the dissolution of apriorism and the redemption of actual life,which vastly expanded the field of Aestheticism.After that,the French Aestheticism developed into two different trends: one focused on the reality and the known subjects,trying to bring out a mixture of arts and sciences;the other in such a sense of beauty,"fantasy",which was valued greatly by Baudelaire.Later these two trends mixed themselves gradually into either naturalism or symbolism,and thus brought an end to Aestheticism.