儿童对人的行为进行归纳推理的多样性效应

儿童在对人的行为进行归纳推理时是否遵循多样性原则,是否受到了其他认知因素的影响？本研究采用归纳推理多样性效应的范式,分析了4-5岁、6-7岁、8岁、9岁儿童和成人在对人的行为进行推理时表现出多样性效应的发展趋势。结果表明,6-7岁、8岁、9岁和成人表现出了多样性效应,并且9岁儿童运用多样性信息的能力已达到成人水平。但6-7岁和8岁儿童的多样性表现与成人仍有显著差别。从发展趋势上,对年龄、属性特征外显性和人格特质理解等因素的影响进行了初步探讨。

The Diversity Effect in Children's Inductive Reasoning about Human Behavior

When children have inductive reasoning about human behavior, is it based on the diversity principle？ Is it affected by other cognitive factors？ This experiment examined the developmental trends of diversity effects in children＇s induetive reasoning about human behavior. Participants in this research included 4-9 years old children and adults. The results indicate that： （1） 6-7 years old, 8 years old, 9 years old children and adults show the diversity effects; （2） 9 years old children have the same ability to use the diversity information as adults. But 6-7 years old and 8 years old children don＇ t have the same performance as adults. Point of developmental trends, factors relation to age, properties of visible relations and the understanding of personality traits are also discussed.