基于人机工效学的健身动感单车鞍座高度设计研究

选取武汉体育学院普通男大学生11名，采用Vicon三维动作捕捉系统并结合表面肌电测试对受试者在不同的鞍座高度下骑行的运动学和肌肉力学指标进行同步采集，使用配对样本T检验分析比较不同高度骑行差异。结果：（1）膝关节活动范围在不同座高下呈显著变化，踝关节出现一定程度的变化，但个体差异较大。（2）鞍座高度增加，髋关节相对力矩下降，且90%座高与95%和100%座高相比存在显著性的差异（P<0.05）；膝关节相对力矩呈现出类似的变化且不同座高下存在显著差异（P<0.05）。（3）不同座高下，肌肉的放电量出现变化，但均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。其中股二头肌和胫前肌则是在95%座高时放电量达到最低。（4）随着鞍座高度的增加，髋关节和膝关节在90%、95%、100%大转子高的座高下相互之间均存在显著性的差异（P<0.05），踝关节的角速度在90%与100%座高相比和95%与100%座高相比时差异明显（P<0.05）。结论：95%大转子高时，股二头肌和胫前肌的放电量最小，股直肌、股外侧肌和腓肠肌的放电量处于中间值，膝关节力矩和活动范围也处于中间值。选取95%大转子高的鞍座高度更利于骑行者的骑行。

Design of Fitness Bicycle Saddle Height Based on Ergonomics

This paper explored into the most suitable saddle height for fitness spinning bike and provided a theoretical basis for the increase of riding comfort and efficiency. Eight ordinary male college students in Wuhan Sports University were selected. Vicon 3d motion capture system and surface electromyography test were used to collect the kinematics and muscle mechanics indexes of the subjects riding at different saddle heights. Paired sample T test was used to analyze and compare cycling differences at different heights. Results showed that the range of motion of the knee joint changed significantly under different seats, and the ankle joint changed to a certain extent, but it was not regular, and the individual difference was large. With the increase of saddle height, the relative torque of hip joint gradually decrease, and there was a significant difference between the 90% saddle height and the 95% and 100% (P<0.05). The relative moment of knee joint presented a similar change and there was a significant difference between different seats (P<0.05). The electric discharge of the 5 muscles selected in this study showed different changes under different positions, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The biceps femoris and tibialis anterior were lowest at 95%. With the increase of saddle height, significant differences existed between hip joint and knee joint in the height of 90%, 95% and 100% greater rotor (P<0.05), and significant differences existed between ankle joint in the angular velocity between 90% and 100% greater rotor height and 95% greater rotor height and 100% greater rotor height (P<0.05). It was concluded that when 95% of the greater trochanter was high, the electric discharge of biceps femoris and tibial anterior muscle was the minimum, the electric discharge of rectus femoris, lateral femoris and gastrocnis muscle was in the middle value, and the joint angle captured by Vicon system showed that the knee joint torque and range of motion were also in the middle value. It was suggested that the saddle height with 95% greater rotor height was more convenient for the riders.