自然资源要素综合观测指标体系探讨

为了实现自然资源的规范管理和高效利用,需要对其要素进行长期、连续、稳定的综合观测,从而获得相关的基础数据,掌握资源种类、数量、质量和资源间相互作用过程信息。由于目前中国没有形成统一的自然资源观测指标体系,导致不同区域间资源观测和管理存在差异,使得国家尺度上对自然资源的规范化管理和合理利用难以实现。因此,亟需构建一套适用于国家尺度、科学、系统、规范的自然资源要素综合观测指标体系。本文以解决认识自然生态变化规律、预判发展趋势的基础数据支撑能力不足问题为出发点,参考国内外现有观测（监测）指标体系,确立了自然资源要素综合观测指标体系建立和选取的基本原则;在自然资源要素分类的基础上,采用正、反演相结合、模块化等构建方法,建立了由36个归类模块、6个资源要素综合观测系统和若干个赋能模块构成的自然资源要素综合观测指标体系。通过建立大气-地表-地下多层次,个体-景观-区域多尺度的立体化综合观测网,获取自然资源要素数据,以期实现对自然资源的精细化管理、评价和利用。

Discussion on the indicator system of comprehensive observation of natural resource elements

In order to achieve the sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources, long-term, stable, and continuous comprehensive observations are necessary for acquiring basic resource data and information on resource types, quantity, quality, and processes of interactions. It is necessary to construct an indicator system of the comprehensive observation of natural resources. However, due to the lack of a unified indicator system of natural resources observation in China, there exist big gaps in observation and management between different regions, which make it difficult to standardize the management and improve the utilization of natural resources on a national scale. Hence, a scientific, systematic, and normative indicator system of comprehensive observations, which can be applied on a national scale in China, is urgently needed. Based on the primary issues to be addressed and with reference to the existing indicator systems in China and internationally, the authors summarized the basic principles of establishing the indicator system and the selection of indicators. On the basis of the classification of natural resource elements, the authors established a comprehensive observation indicator system that consists of 36 classification modules, 6 comprehensive observation subsystems, and several functional modules, by a combination of forward and inverse inference methods, modularization, and other construction methods. Through the establishment of a multidimensional comprehensive observation network across the atmosphere-surface-subsurface levels and the individual-landscape-regional scales, the data of natural resource elements can be obtained and the management, evaluation, and utilization of natural resources can be achieved.