绿色经济发展与政府环保行为的互动效应

随着环境规制联合治理体系的构建,政府规制工具的变更很大程度上依赖于当地绿色经济的发展现状,厘清两者间的互动反馈机制,有助于政府选择合适的规制手段推动绿色经济螺旋式上升。本文基于2007—2016年中国省际环境规制和经济投入产出的面板数据,采用非径向方向性距离函数构造绿色经济绩效指标,运用面板VAR模型测度环境规制体系互动视角下的绿色经济发展与各主体环保行为的互动效应。在此基础上,将绿色经济增长率分解为“追赶效应”“创新效应”和“领先效应”,分别探究东、中、西部地区3种效应与地方政府环保行为的互动影响。结果表明:①全国层面,绿色经济发展与政府偏好下的命令型环境规制呈互动正相关关系,形成“绿色经济发展—命令型环境规制”的螺旋上升机制,而与市场型环境规制手段负相关,同时虽然公众环保行为未有效助力绿色经济发展,但绿色经济仍对其存在拉动作用。②分地区考察发现,政府环保工具的选择存在显著的地区依赖特征。绿色经济绩效的提升致使东部地区致力于自主型环境规制的开发,但现阶段绿色经济发展仍依赖于市场型环境规制,中部地区政府环保更依赖于命令型环境规制,而西部地区现阶段并没有环保的意愿。③由于绿色技术的区别,地方政府的规制手段受到不同效应的差异化影响。各地区应综合考虑自身特征,因地制宜完善环境规制体系,设定阶段性技术创新目标。

Effects of interactions of green economic development and government environmental protection behavior

With the construction of the joint system of environmental regulation, the choice of government regulatory tools depends on the local green economic development level. Clarifying the feedback mechanism between them is helpful for the government in choosing appropriate regulatory methods to promote green economy. Based on the interprovincial panel data of environmental regulation and economic input-output in China from 2007 to 2016, the non-radial directional distance function was used to construct the index of green economic performance, and the dynamic relationship between green economic performance and environmental regulation was measured by a panel vector autoregression (VAR) model. Green economic growth rate index was decomposed into “catch-up effect,” “innovation effect,” and “leadership effect.” This study explored the impact of the three effects on environmental regulation in the eastern, central, and western regions of China respectively. The results show that: (1) At the national level, the development of green economy has an interactive positive correlation with the environmental regulation of the government, forming a spiral mechanism of “green economic development-ordered environmental regulation.” However, the development of green economy is negatively related to market-oriented environmental regulation; although the public’s environmental protection behavior has not helped the development of green economy effectively, green economy still has a pulling effect on such behavior. (2) The regional survey found that there are regional dependency of the environmental regulation in the eastern, central, and western regions. The eastern region can promote the use of autonomous environmental policies, but green economic development still depends on market-oriented environmental regulation at this stage. The central region will rely more on mandatory environmental regulation, and green economic development can reduce the use of three types of environmental regulations in the western region. (3) Environmental regulation and policies are affected by different effects because of the difference of green technologies. Each region should take its own characteristics into consideration, improve environmental regulation and policies according to their local conditions, and set phased technological innovation goals.