栅格尺度的西藏自治区人居环境自然适宜性综合评价

人居环境是人类发展的基础,科学评价人居环境自然适宜性,则是解决资源环境承载力的前提,是实现人与自然和谐共生基本方略的基础性工作。本文基于已有人居环境适宜性研究进一步探讨了人居环境自然适宜性综合评价的方法,并完成了西藏人居环境自然适宜性综合评价。研究表明：①基于条件规则的综合评价法更适合进行西藏人居环境自然适宜性综合评价;②西藏超过3/4的区域为人居环境不适宜地区,大部分分布在藏西北地区;临界适宜地区面积占比为16.78%,主要分布在一江两河地区、昌都市澜沧江上游以及山南和林芝北部地区;适宜地区面积占比仅为5.83%,集中分布在藏东南、一江两河和澜沧江上游的河谷绿洲地带;③西藏不同类型乡村居民点的分布与人居环境适宜性分区有很强的一致性,反映人类生活的乡镇驻地及村庄居民点分布占比随着人居环境适宜程度的增强而增加,代表高原牧区和生态脆弱地区的放牧点和古塔庙宇及文物古迹两类乡村居民点则反之,该结果进一步验证了本文西藏人居环境适宜性综合评价和分区的合理性与可靠性。

Evaluation of human settlement environmental suitability in Tibet based on gridded data

The natural environment of human settlements is the basis of human development, while the scientific evaluation of human settlement natural environment is not only the premise to improve the carrying capacity of resources and environment but also the basic work to achieve sustainable development. Based on previous research, this article further discussed the evaluation methods of human settlement environmental suitability by taking Tibet as an example. The results show that: (1) The evaluation method based on conditional rules was more suitable for the evaluation of human settlement environmental suitability in Tibet; (2) More than three-quarters of the land in Tibet are unsuitable for human habitation, with most of them distributed in the northwestern part of Tibet; the area of the regions of critical suitability accounts for 16.78% of the total area of Tibet, mainly located in the YarlungZangbo River, Nyangqu River, and Lhasa River basins, the upper reaches of the Lancang River, and the northern parts of Shannan and Linzhi; the areal proportion of suitable regions was only 5.83%, concentrating in the southeast of Tibet, river valleys of the YarlungZangbo River, Nyangqu River, and Lhasa River, and valley oasis in the upper reaches of the Lancang River; (3) The distributions of different types of settlements are highly coupled with human settlement environmental suitability zones in Tibet, the proportion of town and village settlements reflecting human activities had a positive relationship with the degree of human settlement environmental suitability, while negative connection was found between the proportion of sites of pastoral people/ancient temples and relics and degree of human settlement environmental suitability. The results also validate the reliability of our evaluation method and classification of human settlement environmental suitability.