整治后耕地质量标准建立及其应用

以河南省为例，根据河南省整治后耕地质量影响因素的区域差异性原则及行政区划完整性原则，将全省划分为9个评价区；在明确各分区耕作制度、基准作物和指定作物的基础上，针对各分区自然因素和经济社会因素对整治后耕地质量影响方式和程度的不同，分区构建评价指标体系，并进行指标分级和权重赋予；运用耕地质量综合指数测算、区间划分、相关分析和样点验证方法构建河南省整治后耕地质量标准，并提出该标准在土地整治项目设计、验收和基本农田调整等方面的应用过程和技术方法。研究结果显示：①引入评价因素可比性修正、光温生产潜力修正和产量比系数修正，可有效消除因分区选取评价指标、赋予权重以及基于不同指定作物进行综合指数测算而产生的差异性，从而测算出具有全省统一性和可比性的整治后耕地质量综合指数，为整治后耕地质量标准划分提供了依据和基础；②河南省整治后耕地质量可划分为5个等别，各等别对应的基准作物生产能力区间分别为≥1 7808㎏/hm²、（1 5408～1 7808）㎏/ hm²、（1 3008～1 5408）㎏/ hm²、（1 0562～1 3008）㎏/ hm²、＜1 0562㎏/ hm²；③基于全省统一性和可比性的整治后耕地质量综合指数所构建的河南省整治后耕地质量标准，具有较强的科学性和实践性，能够作为测度整治后耕地质量高低的重要尺度。

Construction and Application of Quality Criteria for Restored Cultivated Land

Research on quality criteria for restored cultivated land is an important part of land utilization research. This paper is based on a case study of Henan province, which is divided into nine evaluation sub-zones according to regional variation in evaluation factors and canton integrity. Then, the quality evaluation indicator systems of restored cultivated land in every evaluation sub-zone were constructed based on different farming systems, typical crops, designated crops and influence patterns and degree of every factor, with weights for various indicators. Subsequently, the quality criteria for restored cultivated land were constructed by the calculation of the quality comprehension index, interval division, correlation analysis and samples testing, and then applied. We calculated comprehensive marks for designated crops in every evaluation sub-zone based on the quality evaluation indicator system. Then the comparative comprehensive marks were corrected based on evaluation factors and light-temperature productivity potential. Finally, the comprehensive quality index was calculated based on yield coefficient. The comprehensive index calculated in these ways effectively eliminated the difference resulting from selecting evaluation indicators and different weights in every sub-zone and different designated crop. The comprehensive index can be regarded as the foundation of construction of quality criteria for restored cultivated land. The quality of restored cultivated land was ranked in five classes. The highest class of production capacity is greater than 17808 kg/hm². The interval of second-class, third-class and fourth-class production capacity are 15 408~17 808], 13 008~15 408] and 10 562~13 008]. The lowest class production capacity is less than 10 562 kg/hm². The quality criteria for restored cultivated land which is constructed by correlation analysis between grain output and comprehensive quality index in every evaluation sub-zone and the distribution features of samples in the classes of restored cultivated land can reflect the quality level. The quality criteria can be applied in the evaluation and approval of planned projects in land restoration and adjustment of basic farmland policies. The practice indicates that the quality criteria for restored cultivated land in Henan based on the comprehensive quality index is scientific and applicable.