跳远运动员起跳阶段起跳腿工作性质

运用文献资料法、运动学测试法、对比分析法，对两组（14名）不同水平的跳远运动员起跳腿各关节工作性质及能力进行对比研究，并对起跳阶段运动员身体重心运动（时间、速度、空间）特征进行分析。研究显示：跳远起跳阶段髋关节工作为先等长收缩再离心收缩，不是缓冲外界负荷的主要关节；不同水平运动员膝、踝关节缓冲、蹬伸工作能力呈显著性差异，踝关节对提高重心垂直速度的贡献不显著；运动员水平越高蹬伸时间指数、水平速度转变率越高，重心轨迹曲线越平滑。

Research on the Features of Take-off Leg and Centre of Gravity of Elite Athletes in Long Jump

Using the methods of literature review, kinematics test and contrastive analysis, this paper analyzed the takeoff leg''s capacity of working and the centre-of-gravity motion in different levels of long jumpers. The results showed that the nature of hip joint work was long contraction and eccentric contractions; hip joint was not the main joint in reducing the load; There showed significant difference between high-level and low-level jumpers in the eccentric capacity of Knee and ankle, and ankle had no significant on improving the center of gravity vertical speed; The Angle of gravity ascension had significant difference and correlation between Buffer stage and Pedal out stage; The higher level of athletes, the higher speed of kicking time index, the higher horizontal velocity changing rate, and the smoother track of centre gravity path.