足、篮、排三大球赛主场优势客场劣势影响因素及应对策略

通过对国内外近年来三大球职业联赛主客场比赛结果的统计,对主客场职业联赛中运动员表现和影响主场优势和客场劣势原因分析,发现主客场制比赛中,存在相对的主场优势和客场劣势现象.影响运动员客场比赛的因素包括:旅途(旅行)、时差因素、气候因素、赛场环境因素、赛场气氛因素、裁判因素等.运动员可以通过认知训练、模拟训练的方法提高对客场环境的适应能力,以达到在短时间内使客场环境对运动员的消极影响降低到最低限度的目的.

On the Influencing Factors and Countermeasures of Home Court Advantage and Guest Court Disadvantage for the Games of Football, Basketball and Volleyball

Through the statistical data on the results of domestic and foreign professional league matches of football,basketball and volleyball held both as home court and guest court in recent years,the author has analyzed the performance of the athletes during the professional league matches and the factors that may influence home court advantage and guest court disadvantage,and discovered that there exists a phenomenon of home court advantage and guest court disadvantage during games held as home court and guest court.And it is noted the factors that influence athletes during guest court are traveling,jet-lag,climate,game environment,game atmosphere and the judge.Athletes can improve their adaptive ability to guest court surroundings by cognitive training and simulation training,which can reduce the negative influence of guest court surroundings for athletes to a minimum level in a short time.