技术知识整合、机会主义与复杂产品创新绩效

尽管关键供应商参与有利于复杂产品创新，但是也可能因专用性资产投资和知识所有权等原因而诱发租金侵占的机会主义行为。基于交易成本理论和关系治理理论，从双边视角切入，研究长期合作导向对关键供应商机会主义行为的制衡效应。通过对205家复杂产品集成商企业的问卷数据进行分析，结果显示：第一，关键供应商的显性和隐性机会主义行为均会减弱集成商技术知识整合对创新绩效的正向影响；第二，合作双方的长期合作导向均减弱了显性机会主义行为对上述关系的负向调节效应；第三，长期合作导向的制衡效应因行为主体与机会主义行为类型的不同而在程度上存在差异。本研究更加关注对合作创新中多主体微观互动行为的考察，并提示复杂产品集成商做好事前治理，即在合作初期选择具有长期合作意愿的供应商。

Technological knowledge integration,opportunistic behavior and innovation performance in complex product: Governance effect of long-term orientation from both sides

Key suppliers’ participation in complex product innovation is beneficial to the final success. However, it may also induce opportunistic behavior for rent appropriation, due to the existence of specific asset investment and intellectual properties. Based on transaction cost theory and relational governance literature, this paper examines the governance role of long-term orientation on key suppliers’ opportunistic behavior, from a bilateral perspective. The key findings based on 205 survey data from complex product integrator enterprises show that: 1) both the explicit and implicit opportunistic behavior will weaken the positive effect of integrator’s technological knowledge integration on its innovation performance; 2) long-term orientation from both the integrator and its key suppliers’ side can weaken the negative moderating role of explicit opportunistic behavior on the above main effect significantly; 3) the effect size of long-term orientation’s governance effect varies depending on who is the behavior and what kind of opportunistic behavior it is. This study emphasizes on the investigation of the multi agents’ interactive behavior in micro level during cooperative innovation. Besides, it contributes to the practice by indicating the integrator to governance in prevention, that is, to select key suppliers who have the willingness to cooperate in the long run, since the first beginning of the relationship.