逻辑适用于规范吗？——凯尔森后期规范逻辑思想初探

凯尔森在晚期著作《规范的一般理论》中,提出了规范逻辑问题,即标准真—假逻辑中的特定原则,特别是矛盾律和推理原则是否能够适用于道德和法律规范的问题。凯尔森对这一问题的回答是否定的。他认为规范没有真值,它们不是语句而是存在,所以规范之间的冲突不是语句真假上的矛盾,由一般规范到个别规范的过程也不是逻辑推理的结果。因此矛盾律和推理原则都不能适用于规范,也就是说,逻辑是不适用于规范的。凯尔森的规范逻辑观点本身包含着概念上的混淆,他所说的"逻辑"问题也不是标准意义上的逻辑问题。但正是他后期的规范逻辑理论反映了其规范思想的重大转变,反映了他从理性的规范理论向非理性主义规范理论的转变,反映了他对康德主义原则的怀疑和背弃。

Does Logic Apply to Norms:Hans Kelsen's theory of logic of norms in his later period

In General Theory of Norms,Kelsen sets out the problem of logic of norms,that is whether certain principles of so-called bivalent(true-false) logic,especially the principle of contradiction and the rule of inference,are applicable to norms of morality and law.His answer is no.He thinks norms have no truth-value,and they are not sentences but 'beings'.So the conflicts between norms are not contradictions of sentences of which one is truth and the other is false,and the transition from a general norm to an individual norm is not the result of a logical inference.So the principle of contradiction and the rule of inference don't apply to norms,that is logic doesn't apply to norms.There is a confusion in Kelsen's theory and his so-called logic problem is not a real logical question at all.But Kelsen's theory of logic of norms indicates his shift in his later period from rational standpoint to irrationalism and his doubt and abandonment of Kantian doctrines.