The socialization of performance goals |
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Institution: | 1. Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale (UNILaPS), Université de Lausanne, Switzerland;2. Centre for Sociological Research, University of Leuven, Belgium;1. Queen''s University, Canada;2. NBER, USA;1. Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland;2. Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyväskylä, Finland;3. Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland;1. Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy;2. Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California, United States |
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Abstract: | How are competitive goals transmitted over time? As most competence-relevant contexts (e.g., school) are hierarchy-relevant (e.g., teacher/students), supervisors’ performance-approach goals (desire to outperform others) should play a major role. We formulated a performance goals socialization hypothesis: The higher a supervisor’s performance-approach goals, the stronger the effects of time on followers’ performance-approach and -avoidance (desire not to be outperformed by others) goals. Study 1, involving coaches and their soccer players, showed that indeed a performance goals socialization phenomenon exists. Study 2, involving thesis supervisors and their Ph.D. students, showed its consequences: performance goals socialization reduced subordinates’ motivation and well-being over time. Study 3, involving video game team leaders and their players, showed its enabling condition: the stronger the subordinates’ identification to their team, the more pronounced the performance goals socialization. Study 4, involving schoolteachers and their pupils, showed its directional moderator: the higher the subordinates’ perceived self-competence, the higher the change in performance-approach goals over time, and the lower that in performance-avoidance goals. It is then crucial to consider social hierarchy when studying goal formation. |
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Keywords: | Performance goals Leadership Socialization Social identification Self-competence |
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