数字经济对中国城市工业碳生产率的赋能效应

数字经济作为中国工业绿色低碳转型的重要引擎，能否进一步促进城市工业实现经济和环境双重效益亟待研究。本文以2011—2018年中国284个地级市面板数据为样本，利用非期望超效率EBM模型、探索性空间数据分析法和空间计量模型等方法，对城市工业碳生产率进行测算并分析其时空特征，解析数字经济对城市工业碳生产率的赋能效应。研究结果如下：①中国城市工业碳生产率总体呈波动性增长趋势，空间正相关性和集聚现象十分显著，高高集聚与低低集聚现象并存，空间非均衡现象仍然存在。②数字经济可以赋能城市工业碳生产率，且存在明显的空间溢出效应，即数字经济不仅有利于提升本地工业碳生产率，也会通过溢出效应对邻近城市工业碳生产率释放促增红利，该结论经过一系列稳健性检验和内生性检验后依然成立。③数字经济对城市工业碳生产率的赋能效应主要通过产业结构优化来实现，现阶段绿色技术创新尚未发挥机制作用。④数字经济对城市工业碳生产率的赋能效应因城市区位与创新环境差异而存在空间异质性，如东部地区数字经济对周边城市工业碳生产率具有辐射带动效应，而高人才集聚区则表现为负向溢出效应。未来应重视数字经济的空间溢出效应，破除城市“各自为战”的治理方式，利用数字化技术构建城际绿色协同治理体系，突破地理边界以形成区域工业减碳合力。

The enabling effect of digital economy on urban industrial carbon productivity in China

As an important engine of green and low-carbon industrial transformation in China, the role of digital economy in further promoting urban industry to achieve dual economic and environmental benefits needs to be examined. Based on the panel data of 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2018, this study analyzed the enabling effect of digital economy on urban industrial carbon productivity by measuring and analyzing the spatial-temporal characteristics of urban industrial carbon productivity using the methods of unexpected super-efficiency Epsilon Based Measure (EBM) model, exploratory spatial data analysis, and spatial econometric model. The results are as follows: (1) China’s urban industrial carbon productivity showed an overall trend of fluctuating growth, the positive spatial correlation and spatial agglomeration of urban industrial carbon productivity are significant, with high-high and low-low agglomerations coexisting, and spatial disequilibrium still exists. (2) Digital economy can empower urban industrial carbon productivity, and there is an obvious spatial spillover effect. That is to say, digital economy is not only conducive to improving local industrial carbon productivity, but also releases promoting dividends to the industrial carbon productivity of neighboring cities through spillover effect. This conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests and endogeneity tests. (3) The enabling effect of digital economy on urban industrial carbon productivity is mainly realized through structural optimization effect. At present, green technology innovation has not played a mechanism role. (4) The enabling effect of digital economy on urban industrial carbon productivity is spatially heterogeneous due to urban location and innovation environment differences. The digital economy in eastern China has a radiative driving effect on the industrial carbon productivity of surrounding cities, while the high talent agglomeration areas showed a negative spillover effect. In the future, we should pay attention to the spatial spillover effect of digital economy, eliminate the governance mode of “each party fighting its own battle”, use digital technology to build an inter-city green collaborative governance system, and break through geographical boundaries to form joint force of regional industrial carbon reduction.