荒漠化治理“经济-生态-社会”效益耦合协调度时空分异及其驱动因素——以毛乌素沙地为例

在荒漠化治理成效评估中纳入对经济和社会改善度的考量,是准确评估荒漠生态系统修复水平、防范二次荒漠化出现的重要基础。本文评估了毛乌素沙地2004—2019年荒漠化治理“经济-生态-社会”效益耦合协调度,讨论其时间演化特征和空间分布特征,并采用面板数据多元回归模型分析了影响荒漠化治理效益的驱动因素。研究发现：①毛乌素沙地荒漠化治理综合效益耦合协调度在研究期内由轻度失调提高至初步协调。②荒漠化治理综合效益耦合协调度的变化可分为3个阶段：在起步期（2004—2007年）内轻度失调但波动上升;在发展期（2008—2015年）升至初步协调,且南北两侧县级行政单元的综合效益耦合协调度提升速度更快;在调整期（2016—2019年）持续波动上升,并呈东高西低的空间分布特征。③人工造林面积、农机总动力、在业沙产业企业数和城镇化率对毛乌素沙地荒漠化治理综合效益耦合协调度有显著的正向影响,其中,人工造林和城镇化是驱动荒漠化治理综合效益耦合协调度提升的主导因素。本文为全面、准确评价荒漠化治理成效提供了新思路,同时也能够为荒漠区协调人地关系、实现可持续发展提供科学支撑。

Spatiotemporal differentiation and driving factors of coupling coordination degree of economic-ecological-social benefits from desertification control in the Mu Us Sandy Land

The coupling coordination degree of economic-ecological-social benefits is a vital indicator for measuring the achievements of desertification control, and measuring the integrated benefits is a solid basis of sustainable desertification control. In this study, we evaluated the desertification control benefits of the economic-ecological-social system of the Mu Us Sandy Land in 2004-2019. We discussed the temporal characteristics of desertification control benefits coupling coordination degree as well as its spatial distribution, and analyzed the driving factors. The results show that the coupling coordination degree changed from mild imbalance to preliminary balance. During the initial period (2004-2007), the coupling coordination degree was imbalanced but improving. During the developing period (2008-2015), the coupling coordination degree increased with volatility, showing the characteristics of high in the north and the south. During the stabilizing period (2016-2019), the coupling coordination degree was preliminary balanced with higher values in the east. Afforestation area, agricultural machinery power, the number of deserticulture companies, and urbanization rate have a consistent long-term positive impact on the coupling coordination degree; afforestation and urbanization are the main driving factors. This study provides a new approach for accurately evaluating the effectiveness of desertification control in the Mu Us Sandy Land, and gives scientific support for the ecological civilization construction and regional sustainable development in a wider range of desert areas.