学习理论的发展与学习创新

自古以来,关于知识的来源及其获取的方法,一直存在着经验论与唯理论之争,这些争论后来成为20世纪学习理论两大流派——行为主义和认知主义的哲学基础。建构主义是学习理论从行为主义发展到认知主义以后的进一步发展,它为当今时代学习创新提供了许多有益的启示:在学习目标上,变知识传输为知识建构;在学习方式上,倡导自主、探究、合作学习和情境学习;与此相适应,在教学上,也要从知识传授向全面促进学生的学习转变。

On the development of learning theories and learning innovation

With regard to the origin of knowledge and its ways of acquisition,there has been the dispute between empiricism and rationalism,which has laid philosophical foundations for two major genres of learning theories in the 20th century,namely,behaviorism and cognitivism.Constructivism,a learning theory further developed from behaviorism to cognitivism,has greatly enlightened learning innovation in modern times.It advocates learning targets at the construction rather than transmission of knowledge,and learning styles of autonomy learning,exploration learning,cooperative learning and situated learning.In conformity with this,the transformation from the impartment of knowledge to the promotion of students' overall quality should also be realized in instruction.