自有知识、知识溢出与区域创新产出

立足于区域边界的内外部视角，将创新活动的知识资源划分为自有知识和知识溢出两部分，利用2009—2016年中国30个省（市、自治区）的面板数据，运用OLS和分位数回归方法，实证分析了自有知识、知识溢出对区域创新产出的影响。OLS回归结果表明：自有知识对区域创新产出具有显著正向影响，而知识溢出的影响显著为负；自有知识的主效应大于知识溢出，且二者在影响区域创新过程中存在显著的协同效应。分位数回归结果表明：随着分位点的提高，自有知识对区域创新产出的促进效应先升后降；知识溢出对区域创新产出除在0.25分位点没有显著影响外，在其他分位点均存在显著负向影响；自有知识与知识溢出的交互效应在区域创新产出不同分位点的影响不一致。

Self-owned knowledge,knowledge spillover and regional innovation output

At present, China′s economic development has entered the "new normal" and faces many problems, such as technological innovation upgrading, resource and environment constraints, and regional disparities. It must rely on innovation driven to achieve sustainable economic development. From a practical perspective, there are two ways to improve regional innovation output. One is to rely on endogenous innovation efforts, and the other is to absorb advanced technology and knowledge from other regions through knowledge spillover. With the improvement of regional innovation level in recent years, limited self-owned knowledge has been unable to meet the needs of innovation and development, and the introduction of external knowledge is particularly important. Therefore, how to give full play to the innovation-driven effect of internal and external knowledge and effectively promote the improvement of regional innovation output is a hot topic of current research. From the existing literatures, we can find the following limitations. First, most of the relevant literatures study the relationship between self-owned knowledge or knowledge spillover and innovation output from a holistic perspective, while the study of self-owned knowledge or knowledge spillover has little impact on the stages of innovation output at different points. Second, the relevant literature mainly focuses on the relationship of self-owned knowledge or knowledge spillover on regional innovation output. Few scholars have simultaneously studied the differential impact of self-owned knowledge and knowledge spillover on regional innovation output, and lack the optimal choice and comparison of self-owned knowledge and knowledge spillover. Third, in the process of regional innovation, how does the interaction of self-owned knowledge and knowledge spillover affect innovation output? This issue remains to be explored. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate self-owned knowledge and knowledge spillover into a research framework for comparative analysis, and to study the influence of the two and their interaction effect on regional innovation output.     In order to better study the impact of knowledge resources on regional innovation output, from the double perspective of both inside and outside in the region, and from the perspective of knowledge source heterogeneity, this paper first divides knowledge resources of regional innovation activities into self-owned knowledge and knowledge spillover. The former is the main internal source of knowledge, while the latter mainly represents knowledge spillover from other regions. Then this paper chooses regional innovation output as dependent variable, self-owned knowledge and knowledge spillover as independent variables, human capital level, transportation facilities level and economic development level as control variables. Then this paper uses OLS and quantile regression method, and empirically analyzes the impact of self-owned knowledge and knowledge spillover on regional innovation output by using the panel data of 30 regions in China during 2009-2016. Finally, the corresponding optimization countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for the research results. The study of this paper is of great theoretical and practical significance to clarify the mechanism of innovation of heterogeneous knowledge sources in various regions, to promote the improvement of regional innovation output, and to promote the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy. The results show that: (1) Self-owned knowledge has a significantly positive effect on regional innovation output. Under the different positions of the conditional distribution, the influence of self -owned knowledge on regional innovation output shows different intensity of action. At the same time, with the increase of regional innovation output quantile, the influence coefficient of self-owned knowledge shows a trend of rising first and then decreasing, and the promotion effect is the greatest at 0.25 quantile. (2) Knowledge spillover has a significantly negative impact on regional innovation output as a whole. At the same time, the results of quantile regression show that knowledge spillover has a significantly negative impact on regional innovation output except at 0.25. (3) The main effect of self-owned knowledge on regional innovation output is greater than that of knowledge spillover, and there is a significantly synergistic effect between them in the process of influencing regional innovation. This shows that knowledge spillover plays an important role in promoting regional innovation output. Effective synergy and coupling with local knowledge must be emphasized. Quantile regression results also show that the interaction effect of knowledge spillover and self-owned knowledge is not consistent among different quantities of regional innovation output. At 0.25, 0.50 and 0.90 loci, there is a significantly synergistic effect between self-owned knowledge and knowledge spillover. At 0.1 and 0.75 loci, there is no significant interaction between self-owned knowledge and knowledge spillover.     Finally, the corresponding optimization countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for the research results. (1) Each region should pay attention to the core position of self-owned knowledge in the process of regional innovation, and fully realize that innovation output still relies mainly on the contribution of its own knowledge. Therefore, each region needs to increase the total amount of its own knowledge. On the one hand, we can increase investment in R&D funds to provide financial guarantee for the smooth development of innovation activities; on the other hand, we should vigorously develop science, technology and education, and strive to cultivate innovative talents. At the same time, we should improve the talent evaluation mechanism and incentive mechanism to stimulate innovation vitality and tap innovation potential to the greatest extent. (2) Each region should effectively improve its ability to absorb external knowledge, maximize the internalization of external knowledge, and enhance the matching and applicability with self-owned innovation activities. While increasing the funds for digestion and absorption, each region should accurately analyze the development characteristics and resource defects of self-owned innovation activities. According to actual needs, we will focus on digesting and absorbing external knowledge that may be successfully transformed and utilized, and strive to improve the efficiency of spatial resource allocation, so that it can serve self-owned innovation well. (3) Each region should give full play to the positive impact of the synergy effect of self-owned knowledge and knowledge spillover on regional innovation output, actively promote the integration of self-owned knowledge and knowledge spillover, and realize the integration and utilization of knowledge resources inside and outside the region, so as to effectively promote regional innovation capacity and regional economic development.