青藏地区草原旅游活动环境影响比较研究——以玛曲草原为例

发展生态旅游是青藏草原区的一种保护性开发策略,减轻旅游环境影响是青藏地区草原生态旅游发展的内在要求。通过实地调查,评价青藏地区草原各主要旅游活动方式的环境影响程度,分析各种旅游活动的环境影响机制。结果表明:文化参与的环境影响最小,其次是游览观光,再次是休闲度假;各种旅游活动中人均草地资源占用额度、及污染物排放量不同是导致其环境影响差异的主要原因。在青藏地区草原旅游发展中,以减少旅游环境影响为目的,应发挥特色旅游资源对文化参与及游览观光旅游方式的诱导作用及对游客的聚集作用,利用市场需求推动环境影响小的旅游方式的发展,通过科学规划引领旅游业环境友好型发展方向,并强化地方政府在环境保护方面的引导和约束职能。

Comparative Analysis of the Environmental Influences of Different Tour Activities on Qinghai-Tibet Grasslands

The development of ecotourism is one of the protective development strategies for Qinghai-Tibet grasslands. In order to understand the environmental influence of tour activities on Qinghai-Tibet grasslands, Maqu Grassland was selected as a focal area. Data about on disturbances to grassland, pollutant emission, and revenue from tourism were obtained through field investigations. We found that under the same economic benefit conditions, the environmental influence degree of cultural participation is the lowest. Sightseeing activity is higher, and that of the tourism activity of spending leisure vocation is the highest. In different tourism activities, the differential per capita grassland occupation degree and differential pollutant emissions are the major reasons causing different environmental influence degrees. The lowest per capita grassland occupation degree and the least pollutant emission results in the lowest environmental influence degree, and vice versa. According to the actual status of tourism operations affecting Qinghai-Tibet grasslands, in order to reduce environmental influence during ecotourism development, the following countermeasures should be taken. Characteristic tourism resources on the Qinghai-Tibet grassland should be made to play a role in inducing cultural participation activities and sightseeing activities. The driving function of tourism market demand should be applied to promote tourism activities which have less environmental influence. Scientific planning should guide the environmentally-friendly development of tourism and environment protection regulatory functions should be strengthened.