黄土高原低山丘陵区农村居民点分布与地形因子关系研究——以兰州市七里河区为例

选取黄土高原低山丘陵区的兰州市七里河区农村居民点为研究对象,以ArcGIS9.3软件为技术平台,基于研究区DEM提取研究区高程、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度、地表粗糙度、坡度变率、坡向变率、地表切割深度和地形高程变异系数9个地形因子,在对9个地形因子进行分级分析后,应用分布指数以及信息熵计算分析了地形因子与农村居民点分布格局的关系.结果表明,研究区农村居民点在各地形位上分布的优势地形位分别为:高程1 500～1 750m和1 750～2 000m的地区,坡度0～5°、5～10°和10～15°的地区,坡向W、S、SW的地区,地形起伏度0～50m和50～100m的地区,地表粗糙度1～1.1的地区,坡度变率0～5°的地区,坡向变率10～15°和15～20°的地区,地表切割深度0～10m的地区,地形高程变异系数0～0.003的地区.同时,在各优势地形位上农村居民点的分布呈现出相对较高的有序性,这体现了农村居民点分布格局与地形因子关系的高度关联性.

The Distribution of Rural Settlements in Relation to Land Form Factors in Low Hilly Land on the Loess Plateau

Basic landform factors in the natural environment have a fundamental impact on the spatial distribution of rural residential areas. A deep study of these factors is of great significance when understanding their distribution and balancing urban and rural development. Here, we focus on Qilihe district, Lanzhou and using ArcGIS9.3 analyze and classify nine topographic factors including elevation, slope, aspect, terrain undulation, surface roughness, slope of aspect, slope of slope, surface incise depth and variance coefficient in elevation. We adopted distribution index and information entropy to analyze the relationship between the distribution of rural settlements and landform factors. The results show that advantageous terrain habitats for rural settlements are characterized by an elevation of 1 500~1 750m and 1 750~2 000m; slope of 0~5°, 5~10° and 10~ 15° ; aspect of W, S and SW; terrain undulation 0~50 m and 50~100m; surface roughness 1~1.1; slope of slope of 0~5°; slope of aspect of 10~15° and 15~20°; surface incise depth of 0~10 m and variance coefficient in elevation of 0~0.003.