我国中小学生运动能力差异性特征的研究

采用实验测试、数理统计等方法，对5 760名中小学生的14个动作进行测试。结果表明：我国中小学生各年龄段、各项运动能力之间存在明显的非衡性特征，身体灵敏、神经反应、左右平衡稳定、协调等运动能力存在一定缺陷。男生运动能力中8个主成分聚类结果为5类，YBT左右腿平衡、非对称手拍脚、神经反应归为一大类群，过栏架步、肩部柔韧、体旋、俯卧撑各代表一个类的运动能力。女生运动能力中8个主成分聚类结果为4类，YBT左右腿平衡、非对称手拍脚、神经反应、过栏架步归为一类，深蹲和体旋、肩部柔韧分别代表一个类运动能力。我国中小学体育课程内容设置存在一定的不合理性，体育课中普遍缺少灵敏、协调、反应、稳定等运动能力的培养，造成运动能力缺失和发展不平衡，需要增加针对性的练习内容，使学生运动能力达到全面发展。

Differences of Sports Ability of Primary and Middle School Students in China

From the perspective of the ability of the students, this paper explored into the characteristics of imbalance and differences of them, so the students could understand the current situation of their own sports ability development, improve their superior and inferior sports ability, and provide a reference for them to choose ways to participate in sports activities. Through experimental test and mathematical statistics, 5 760 students were tested for 14 movements. It was shown that there were obvious unbalanced characteristics among the sports abilities of primary and secondary school students of all ages in China, among which there were certain defects in the sports abilities such as physical agility, neural response, left right balance and coordination. The eight principal components of the male students’ athletic ability were systematically clustered. One was YBT left and right leg balance, asymmetric hand clapping feet and nerve reaction, the other was hurdle walk, shoulder flexibility, body rotation and push-ups. It could be concluded that the content of physical education curriculum in primary and secondary schools in China was unreasonable. There was a general lack of sensitivity, coordination, response, stability and other sports ability training in the students’ physical education classes, which resulted in a general lack and an unbalanced development of the students’ overall sports ability. These sports ability contents should be added in physical education classes, so that the students’ sports ability could achieve all-round development.