中国区域可持续发展功能评价

区域的系统性天然决定了其拥有居住容载、就业支持、经济发展、资源供给与生态维衡等多功能。本文基于多功能性视角，以可持续发展为导向，融合自上而下的决策树技术和自下而上的指标升级技术，构建了区域功能评价框架与算法，开发了区域功能的分级与分类的判别标准。以全国2329个县域单元为基本评价单元，完成了对全国及其十大区域的功能实证评价。结果表明，在国家综合层面上，中国的空间多功能性的发展目前较为均衡，并具有潜在的巨大提升空间。十大区域的功能呈现多样性，不同功能特征的区域应采取适宜的发展模式，如均衡多功能的协同发展模式、兼顾约束功能的协调发展模式、主导功能导向的倾斜发展模式。更小尺度上，中国区域空间功能的分异性、不均衡性与格局塑造性呼吁包容发展的国家格局安排与管理，包括包容所有区域，包容所有人．包容自然-经济-社会复合系统各组成单元的发展。

Assessment of Functionality for The Sustainable Development of Ten Function Zones in China

The main objective of our study was to develop methods and tools that contribute to regional function assessment with a focus on multiple roles within a region. Few studies have paid direct attention to regional multi-functionality, although the term ‘multi-functionality’ is widely used in the academic and political field of agriculture, ecosystem services, urban planning and land use planning. Every region is a natural, economic and social system which plays multiple roles and, by virtue of this, may contribute to several objectives simultaneously. Here, regional multi- functionality was classified into five types: habitation, employment, economic development, resource provision and ecological balance maintenance. Based on defined multi-function and targeted to sustainable development at the regional and national scales, an integrated functionality assessment framework and methodology is outlined by linking decision tree tool, a top-down method, and indicator aggregation technology, a bottom-up method. Indicator selection and normalization are basic and critical steps. We developed our crude indicators using published literature and data availability and then selected dominant indicators using entropy methods. We normalized each indicator by comparison with its goal-oriented reference value, making it comparable with the others and an up-scaling indicator. The normalized value of each indicator ranges between 0 and 1; The index value of regional individual and aggregated function is also in the same range. Unequal weights were used when aggregating normalized indicators into an individual function index because not all indicators play an equal role in determining function. Equal weight was applied when aggregating individual function indexes as each individual function has the same contribution to regional sustainable development. Applying a developed framework we assessed functionality of national and ten spatial function zones using the 2329 counties as basic spatial assessment cells. At the national scale, regional individual and integrated functions achieved relatively balanced development, and their medium-grade function level indicates a huge promotion potential. Ten spatial function zones showed diversified multi-functionality and related features, and differentiated development paths based on spatial multifunction orientation should be accentuated during planning and implementation of national sustainable development strategies. Sub-region heterogeneity, imbalance, and the contribution to mother zones call for inclusive development mechanisms: inclusive of every region, people, and natural, social and economic component to form an integrated regional system.