分与合的辩证法:新中国农村生产组织之变迁及其启示——兼论毛泽东对中国农村现代化道路的探索

新中国成立后,随着社会主义农业集体经济制度的确立、巩固和发展,农村生产组织形式经历了"合—分—合"的历史过程。由互助组到合作社再到人民公社一步步走向"合"的过程,体现了毛泽东对农村通过集体之路迈向现代化的思考与努力;改革开放后各地逐渐抛弃政社合一的人民公社体制,实行以家庭承包为核心的双层经营体制,这是由"合"走向"分"的过程,体现了新一代领导集体对农村现代化道路的进一步探索;进入21世纪以来,由"分"带来的农民"原子化"状态阻碍了农民生活质量的提升和农村社会的和谐发展,从而使得走向新形势下的"合"不仅必要而且可能。

Dialectics of Separation and Reunion: New Changes in Rural Production Organization of China and Its Revelation:On Mao Ze-dong's Exploration of Rural Modernization in China

After the founding of New China,with the establishment,consolidation and development of agricultural collective economic system of socialism,rural productive organization form has experienced historical process of "uniting,separation and reunion".The process from mutual aid period to the Cooperatives to step toward People’s commune "uniting" embodies Mao Ze-dong’s thinking and effort on rural collective road towards modernization.After reform and opening up gradually abandoning the social integration of the people’s commune system of government,introduction to contract for two-tier management system at the core of the family,this is from "uniting" to "separation" process,embodies the further exploration towards rural modernization road of the new leading collective generation.Since the beginning of 21st century,"Separation" bringing farmers "atomization" has hindered farmers high-quality life and the harmonious development of rural society,so that "reunion" under the new situation is not only necessary but also possible.