国际体育仲裁中比例原则适用研究

国际体育仲裁院适用比例原则已形成长期传统。适用依据包含仲裁法典、体育组织规则和瑞士法律。比例原则的适用领域包含先验性规制措施、纪律处罚措施、合同违约罚金三个方面。比例原则的适用受到四个方面的限制:固定限度的处罚措施、自动适用的处罚措施、不可被用作二次处罚和权利主张超过时效等。国际体育仲裁院仲裁庭在适用比例原则时的不同考量因素导致了个案结果的相互冲突,应对此加以调整。

Application of Proportionality in International Sports Arbitration

It has been a tradition for the Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS) to apply the doctrine of proportionality. The Code of Sports-related Arbitration, rules of sports organizations and Swiss Law constitute the legal basis of proportionality. The doctrine of proportionality has been applied to three main fields:a priori regulative measures, disciplinary measures, and penalty of breaching contracts. However, there are four restrictions on the application of proportionality:fixed sentences, auto applied sentences, second sanction, and failing to timely appeal a sanction. CAS considers different factors while applying the doctrine of proportionality, which results in confliction of the decisions of different cases. How to applying the doctrine of proportionality should be unified.