论体育教学中预设与生成的关系

体育教学中对预设与生成关系的把握以及各自限度的认识影响着体育课程与教学的改革和发展。运用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法对体育教学中预设与生成的特征、表现形式以及如何调试二者之间的平衡关系作以论述。研究认为:(1)目标的确定性和导向性、内容的封闭性、过程的控制性和方法的程序性是体育教学中预设的基本特征,目标的开放性、深度体验运动知识、关注教学过程的价值、教学评价的过程性是体育教学中生成的基本特征;(2)控制与自主、结果与过程、确定与偶然、社会本位与个人本位等方面的关系是体育教育实践中预设与生成关系的具体表现;(3)单向度地偏于预设和生成都是不可取的,体育教学实践中既需要预设来把握目标,也需要用生成来实现学生运动学习的意义,二者需要在动态的教学实践中达成平衡方可使得学科价值最大化的实现,发挥体育教师的实践智慧、提倡运动项目学习的游戏精神、强调运动技能教学的完整性、创建师生共构的教学文化是把握体育教学中预设与生成关系平衡和实现二者相互统一的有效策略。

Relationship Between Presupposition and Generation in P. E.

Relationship between presupposition and generation is the basic question in the school P.E., which influences the teaching reform and development. Literature study, logic analysis of characteristics, expression and relationship between presupposition and generation showed that setting definite goals, reasonable content, process and methods were the basic factors of presupposition in P.E. Relationships between control and autonomy, process and result, certainty and uncertainty, society and individual were the representation of relationship between presupposition and generation in P.E. P.E. needed presupposition to set the goals and generation to realize the significance of sports to the students. There should be a balance between presupposition and generation through full play to the teachers, to the spirit of play, to reinforce the motor skills, to create a nice environment of teaching and learning.