典型发达国家国际合作对中国与“一带一路”国家科技创新合作的启示

当前大多数“一带一路”国家的科技创新基础较薄弱,科技创新合作意愿和基础普遍不足,各国之间深层次的国际科技合作亟待加强,中国与“一带一路”沿线国家的科技创新合作的内容与机制也亟待进一步丰富与完善。本研究通过重点梳理分析美国、欧盟、德国、日本和新加坡等发达国家和地区与发展中国家开展国际科技合作的经验,总结得出其具有四方面共同特征：搭建多层次科技交流平台,深化科技人文交流;科学布局国际科技合作基地,拓宽科技合作网络;建立健全海外孵化器,打造“一带一路”特色创新合作体系;推进联合技术攻关,提升科技援助水平。中国可从中汲取有益的做法,根据自身与“一带一路”沿线国家的发展阶段和现实需求,探索具有中国特色的“一带一路”科技创新合作创新模式。建议重点从科技人文交流、科技合作网络、特色创新合作体系、科技援助水平等维度探索构建人才、技术、空间等多种要素协同创新和联动发展的合作生态,通过增强国际科技话语权、有效互补协作和开展科技援助等方式推进“一带一路”国际科技创新与合作行稳致远。

Enlightenment of International Cooperation Between Typical Developed Countries on the Cooperation in Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Between China and "The Belt and Road" Countries

At present, due to the weak foundation of scientific and technological innovation, most of " the Belt and Road" countries are lack of willingness and basis for cooperation in scientific and technological innovation . The depth of international scientific and technological cooperation among them needs to be strengthened. The content and mechanism of such cooperation between China and these countries also need to be further enriched and improved. By drawing experiences from international cooperation in such field between developed countries/regions such as the United States, the European Union, Germany, Japan, Singapore and developing countries/regions, four common characteristics are concluded: building a multi-level scientific and technological exchange platform and deepening people-to-people exchanges in science and technology field; wisely arranging international cooperation bases in such field and broadening such cooperation networks; establishing sound overseas incubators and creating a BRI featured innovation cooperation system; promoting joint technological research and improving the level of scientific and technological aid. China can draw useful practices from it, and explore a creative model for BRI cooperation in scientific and technological innovation with Chinese characteristics according to the development stage and practical needs of itself and countries under the BRI Scheme. It is suggested to focus on exploring the construction of a cooperative ecology of coordinated innovation and coordinated development of multiple elements such as talent, technology and space surrounding scientific and cultural exchanges, scientific and technological cooperation networks, featured innovation cooperation systems, level of scientific and technological aid; and promote steady and long-term BRI international cooperation in scientific and technological innovation by enhancing our voice in international science and technology, effectively complementing each other and cooperating in scientific and technological aid.