明代唐宋诗高下之争的重新考察

唐宋诗之争是中国文学批评史上的一桩公案。自南宋以迄近代从未间断,其间尊唐者有,宗宋者有,但总体而言,"尊唐抑宋"观念在整个论争中占据主导地位,尤以明代为甚。实际上,用"尊唐抑宋"来界定明代的唐宋诗之争并不准确,因为,有明一代反对"尊唐抑宋"的声音无论强弱,但在明代诗坛上都不曾消失过。明初诗派虽大多宗唐,但反对的声音也不容小觑。另外,反对"尊唐抑宋"的声音并非一直处于弱势、边缘,明代中期,由于前、后七子的不懈倡导,"世人但知宗唐",反对者较少。至后期,公安派不惜矫枉过正,对后七子的诗学理论进行批驳,与其同时复古派也开始对一己的诗学观念重新检讨与反思,认识到拟古的若干弊端,此后,为宋诗正名的声音越来越高。值得注意的是,明人肯定宋诗的诗论多从"主真"、"重变"、"言理"等方面立论,从根本上体认到宋诗的特点和价值,驳斥了明代诗坛上"尊唐抑宋"之音,同时也对宋诗的研究和传播、以及清代宋诗学的形成起到了重要的作用。

The Re-Examination of the Poetry Dispute Among Ming,Tang and Song Dynasties

The ancient poems dispute between Tang and Song Dynasties is well-known in the history of Chinese Literary Criticism.The dispute has never ceased from the Southern Song Dynasty to modern times,but in the whole,the concept of "Tang better than Song" has a dominant position in the whole controversy,especially in Ming Dynasty.In fact,the concept of " Tang is better than Song" is not accurate enough to define the ancient poems battle between Tang and Song Dynasties.It is because that the sounds against "Tang Better than Song",whether weak or strong,have not disappeared in the Ming Dynasty poetry.Although most of the poets in early Ming Dynasty are for the poetry of Tang Dynasty,dissenting voices can not be underestimated.In addition,the sound against "Tang Better than Song" is not always at a disadvantage.In the middle Ming,the sound is increasingly accepted due to the tireless advocacy of the Seven School.In the late,the Gong’an School started to refute the poetic theory of the late Seven School.And at the same time,the Retro School also started to review and reflect their own concept of poetics and recognize a number of drawbacks of the archaism.And then the voice which is for Song poetry became higher and higher increasingly.It is worth noting that the people of Ming confirmed the Song poems,mostly from the aspects of "true","change" and "words management".They recognized the characteristics and the value of the Song poetry fundamentally and refuted the sound "Tang Better than Song" in the Ming Dynasty poetry.And it also plays an important role in the research and the dissemination of Song Poems and the development of the study of Song poetry in the Qing Dynasty.