欲求与秩序——寻求在墨家思想根底的人性把握

墨家认为,人是追求实现自己欲求的能动性的存在,秩序不否定却利用这个欲求而得以形成。於兼爱论在追求＂利＂的过程中,通过＂利＂的交换形成秩序。於尚同论在追求＂义＂的过程中,通过对上位者＂调谐＂形成秩序。於是尚同论呈现＂专制主义＂的外貌,可是在这样的过程之中,虽然上位者也受下位者的＂规谏＂,下位者的＂义＂也不否定了。秩序肯定着各人追求欲求的行动。墨家的社会是动态的、发展的、追求进一步富裕的和谐社会。

Desire and Order-Seeking Human Nature out of Mohist Thought Foundation

Mohists think people are beings for achieving their desires,which are not denied but used by orders so that orders are formed.As for the theory of universal love,orders are formed through exchanging benefits in the process of pursuing the benefits.In the view of valuing identity,orders are formed through tuning the superiors in the process of the pursuit of ＂justice＂.In theory it appears to be despotism.In practice although the superiors are restricted by the inferiors in this process,the righteousness of the inferiors are not negative any more.Orders ensure all the activities for desires.The society in Mohism is dynamic,developing and pursuing a further rich and harmonious society.