奥运城市建设路径及对北京2022年冬奥会的启示

在奥林匹克运动的全球治理背景下,现代奥运会已发展成了最具影响力的全球性社会活动。从城市发展的角度而言,国际奥委会颁布的《奥林匹克2020议程:奥运会新规范》体现了奥运城市塑造的几个特点:规划的长期性、持续发展性和影响的广泛性。梳理1896-2020年奥运城市的发展历程发现,由奥运会衍生出的奥运产业、城市建设规划和“奥运遗产”能够驱动奥运会举办地的城市化进程,因此,在借鉴往届冬奥会举办城市建设经验的基础上,提出在北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会筹办之际从4个维度将北京塑造为奥运城市,即贯彻中国新发展理念,增强中国的国际影响力;以奥运会改革措施塑造奥运城市,促进北京城市建设;强弱项、补短板,提升中国冰雪运动项目的竞技水平;完善中国冰雪运动产业链,传承北京作为奥运城市的“冰雪文化遗产”。

Construction Path of Olympic Cities and Its Enlightenment to Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games

In the context of global governance of the Olympic Movement,the modern Olympic Games have become the most influential global social activity.From the perspective of urban development,“Olympic Agenda 2020:New Olympic Rules”issued by the International Olympic Committee embodies several characteristics of the building of Olympic cities:the long-term nature of planning,sustainable development and extensive influence.This paper summarizes the development history of Olympic cities from 1896 to 2020,and finds that the Olympic industry,urban construction&planning and“Olympic legacy”derived from the Olympic Games can drive the urbanization process of Olympic host sites.Therefore,on the basis of drawing lessons from the development experience of the host cities of the previous Winter Olympic Games,this paper puts forward the path of shaping Beijing into an Olympic city from four dimensions for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games and Paralympic Games in the preparation process:to implement China’s new development philosophy and enhance China’s international influence;to shape the Olympic city by the Olympic reform measures and promote the urban construction of Beijing;to make up for the weak events and deficient aspects and improve China’s winter sports competition level;to improve China’s winter sports industry chain and carry forward the“ice and snow cultural legacy”of Beijing as an Olympic city.