女子排球运动员弹跳力功能诊断模型构建及实验研究

摘要：弹跳力是排球运动员的重要专项素质，选择恰当的动作训练方法、合适的力量主题是提高弹跳力的重点。通过专家访谈法构建弹跳力诊断模型，通过测试法分析弹性贡献、摆臂贡献和助跑贡献等诊断指标，通过实验法验证相应力量主题的动作训练对弹跳力的提高效果。发现：1）排球运动员弹跳力功能诊断模型包括蹲跳、下蹲跳、摆臂下蹲跳和助跑起跳四个测试动作，弹性贡献、摆臂贡献、助跑贡献三个诊断指标，通过诊断标准可以有效评价个体弹跳力弱环节，通过相应力量主题的动作训练可以针对性地提高弹跳力。2）弹跳高的运动员也可能在诊断指标中存在弱环节，弹跳力与环节动作的速度力量、爆发力、反应力量以及摆臂幅度高度相关。3）提高弹跳力，弹性贡献大的运动员应进行最少8周最大力量+速度力量/反应力量的动作训练；弹性贡献小的运动员进行最少4周速度力量/反应力量的动作训练。摆臂贡献小的运动员，改进摆臂幅度，同时加强摆臂动作的爆发力，可以提高摆臂贡献，进而提高弹跳力。助跑贡献小的运动员，进行助跑动作的速度力量和反应力量训练对弹跳力有一定促进作用。

Construction and Experimental Verification of Diagnosis Model for Jumping Ability of Female Volleyball Players

Abstract: Jumping ability is an important quality of volleyball players, choosing the right action training method and selecting proper power theme are the keys to improve the jumping ability. In this study, the diagnosis model of jumping ability was constructed by expert interview, and the diagnostic indexes such as elastic contribution, swing arm and run-up contribution were analyzed by the test, and the effect of movement training improving jumping ability was verified by the experiment. Findings: 1) The diagnosis model for jumping ability of volleyball players included four test actions of SJ, CMJ, swing arm CMJ and run-up CMJ, and three diagnosis indexes of elastic contribution, swing arm, and run-up contribution; the diagnostic criteria can effectively evaluate the weak links of individual jumping ability; and the corresponding force theme training could improve the jumping ability. 2) A high jumping athlete may also have a weak link in the diagnostic index; and the speed, explosive force, reaction force, and the swing range of link action were highly related to the jumping ability. 3) In order to improve the jumping ability, the athletes with large elastic contribution should carry out the exercise training of maximum strength plus speed force/ reaction force at least 8 weeks, and the athletes with small elasticity contribution should carry out the movement training of speed force / reaction force for at least 4 weeks; the athletes with small arm swing contribution could improve swing range and the explosive force of arm swing to improve the arm swing contribution and to improve the jumping ability; the speed force and reaction force training of athletes with small run-up contribution can promote the jumping ability.