中国传统武术文化基因谱系研究

摘要：以模因论和文化结构层次理论为依据，以中国传统武术中的太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌、少林拳四大拳种的典型技术动作为主线，以少林、武当、峨眉三大武术流派的功法、套路、格斗形式为载体，以与武术“技术”特征和“攻防”特色相关联的文化因子为研究对象，采用文化组学量化与逻辑思辨相结合，田野调查与结构式访谈相结合，专家甄别与问卷调查相结合，探索性因子分析与验证性因子分析相结合的研究方法，挖掘、提取、筛选、凝炼对中国传统武术理论体系形成、发展、演变以及不同拳种拳理、拳法、拳路、拳势（式）等形成起统摄作用的文化基因，建构中国传统武术文化基因谱系理论模型。结果显示：中国传统武术文化基因谱系结构模型由“思维方式”“价值观念”“拳理基础”“技击思想”“德行思想”“审美情趣”六个维度所涉及的24个文化基因组成。六维度结构模型既能鲜明的体现出中国武术的文化特性，也可为解释中国武术的文化特色提供较为满意的答案。对认识武术文化基因，彰显武术文化特色，守护武术文化家园有重要借鉴意义。文章还对中国传统武术的共同文化基因和特色文化基因、武术文化基因的作用等问题进行了阐释。

Genealogy of Chinese Traditional Wushu Culture

Abstract: This paper constructed a theoretical model of genealogy of Chinese Traditional Wushu culture by excavating, extracting, filtering and distilling the culture genes originated from the formation, development and evolution of traditional Chinese Wushu theories as well as the formation of theories, means, routes, momenta (styles) of various Wushu types. The foundations of the study were theories of memetics and cultural structure, the main line was typical technical actions of the traditional Chinese Wushu, such as Taijiquan, Xingyiquan, Baguazhang and Shaolinquan, the carriers were means, routines, fighting forms of different Wushu lists from Shaolin, Wudang and Emei, the objectives were the cultural factors associated with "technology" and "offensive and defensive" characteristics of Wushu, and the methods were the combinations of quantitative cultural omics and logical speculation, field research and structural interview, expert screening and questionnaire survey, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that the structural model of genealogy of Chinese traditional Wushu culture was composed of 24 cultural genes involved in six dimensions including "thinking mode", "value concept", "foundation of Wushu theory", "fighting thought", "virtue thought" and "aesthetic taste". The six-dimension structure model not only reflected the cultural characteristics of Chinese Wushu, but also provided satisfactory answers for explaining the cultural characteristics of Chinese Wushu. This study also expounded the roles of the common cultural genes, special cultural genes and Wushu culture genes in Chinese traditional Wushu.