整合性神经肌肉训练对运动员运动表现影响的Meta分析

目的：采用Meta分析系统评价整合性神经肌肉训练（INT训练）对运动员运动表现不同效应指标影响的确切效果，为促进INT训练在运动员训练实践中的应用提供依据。方法：截至2020年8月10日，检索Web of Science、Pubmed、Medline、CNKI、Wan Fang、VIP数据库中关于INT训练对运动员群体力量、速度、跳跃、平衡、灵敏协调等素质干预的随机对照实验文献，由2名研究者独立对纳入文献进行筛选、数据提取及质量评价，使用Reviewer Manager 5.3软件进行效应量合并、敏感性分析、亚组分析和异质性检验，运用Stata14.0软件进行Meta回归和发表偏倚分析。结果：16篇文献中108份研究纳入Meta分析，其低偏倚风险11篇，中等偏倚风险5篇，纳入分析总样本量809人。Meta分析结果显示：（1） INT训练对最大力量有显著性影响，对于受试者下肢力量促进效果优于上肢；（2） INT训练对短跑能力影响的合并效应量不具有显著的统计学意义，除Lindblom研究外，其他2项测试结果呈阳性，INT训练干预后，成年受试者短跑测试成绩明显提升；（3） INT训练对跳跃能力有显著性影响，训练周期和测试方式的差异可能是造成效应量异质性较高的原因；（4） INT训练对平衡能力有显著性影响，训练周期、干预频次/周和测试方式的差异可能是造成效应量异质性较高的原因；（5） INT训练对灵敏素质有显著性影响，性别、年龄和干预时间的差异可能是造成异质性较高的原因。结论：INT训练对于青少年组，男性组运动员最大力量水平产生更好的效应，且对于下肢力量促进效果显著优于上肢；对于成年组运动员短跑和冲刺能力的提升效果优于未成年组；对于成年组、女性组运动员跳跃能力产生更好的训练效应，总效应量随干预时间的减少而降低，且对于纵跳、单脚侧、前跳能力的提升效果优于多级跳；能显著影响并提升运动员单腿支撑平衡能力；对于运动员在变向、加减速度灵敏协调素质的提升效果明显。INT训练对运动员运动表现促进效果大小与受试者运动经历、训练目标的导向、干预的周期、频次和时间等因素密切相关。

Effects of Integrated Neuromuscular Training on Athletes's Performance by Meta Analysis

The objective of this study was to evaluate the exact effects of integrated neuromuscular training (INT) on the athletes' performance by meta analysis system, and to provide the basis for promoting the application of int training in the practice of athletes training. Literature of the randomized controlled trials on the intervention of int training on the strength, speed, jumping, balance and sensitive coordination of athletes in web of science, PubMed, MEDLINE, CNKI, Wan Fang and VIP databases August 10, 2020 were retrieved,. The literature was screened, extracted and evaluated by two researchers independently. Manager 5.3 software was used to combine effect, sensitivity, subgroup and heterogeneity, and stata14.0 software was used to analyze meta regression and publication bias. Results showed that 108 studies in 16 literatures were included in meta analysis, 11 were low bias risk, 5 were moderate bias risk, and 809 were included in the analysis. The results of meta analysis showed that:1) INT training had significant influence on maximum strength, and the lower limb strength promotion effect was better than that of upper limb. 2) INT training had no significant statistical significance on the combined effect of int training on sprint ability, except Lindbloom. The results of other two tests were positive, and the scores of sprint test of adult subjects were significantly improved after int training. 3) INT training had significant influence on jumping ability. The difference of training cycle and test mode might be the cause of high heterogeneity of effect quantity. 4) INT training had significant influence on balance ability. The difference of training cycle, intervention frequency/week and test method might be the cause of high heterogeneity of effect quantity. 5) INT training had significant influence on sensitive quality. The difference of gender, age and intervention time might be the cause of high heterogeneity. It could be concluded that INT training had better effect on the maximum strength level of young and male athletes, and the promotion effect of lower limb strength was significantly better than that of upper limb; the effect of sprint and sprint ability of adult group was better than that of the minor group. For the adult group and female group, the total effect was reduced with the decrease of intervention time The results showed that the improvement effect of the ability of longitudinal jump, single leg side and forward jump was better than that of multi-level jump, which could significantly influence and improve the balance ability of single leg support of athletes. The effect of improving the sensitive and coordinated quality of direction changing and speed increasing and reducing was obvious. The effect of INT training on athletes' performance was closely related to the sports experience, training goal orientation, intervention period, frequency and time.