全国性单项体育协会脱钩转型：困境与突破——以有限法人自治为中心

新时代体育治理秩序的完善有赖于单项体育协会自治与外部权力约束的有机统一。通过理清全国性单项体育协会脱钩转型的方向，考察协会脱钩转型中的现实困境，并提出突破方略。研究认为，协会脱钩后实现有限法人自治需要法人属性、自治组织、自治资源与外部规制的明晰，然而改革实践中协会的法人性质模糊、自治组织失范、自治资源匮乏、外部规制失效掣肘协会转型。下一步应厘定协会自治权属性，确立协会私法人地位；健全协会法人治理结构与治理制度，超越协会精英治理；保障协会治理资源来源的合法化与多元化；最后加强协会自治的外部规制科学化与有效化，最终实现协会自治与约束的平衡。

Decoupling Transformation of National Single Sports Associations: Dilemma and Breakthrough: Limited Autonomy of Legal Persons

The improvement of sports governance order in the new era depended on the organic unity of organic unity of autonomy of individual sports associations and external power restriction. By clarifying the decoupling transformation direction of the national individual sports associations,this paper examined the practical difficulties in the decoupling transformation and proposed breakthrough strategies. It could be seen that after the association was decoupled,the realization of limited legal person autonomy required the clarity of legal person attributes,autonomous organizations,autonomous resources and external regulations. However,in practice,the vague legal person nature,anomie autonomous organizations,lack of autonomous resources,and invalid external regulations hindered the transformation of the association. Therefore,the nature of the association's autonomy should be clarified and the status of the association's private legal person should be established. The corporate governance structure and governance system in associations in order to surpass the elite governance in associations should be improved. The legalization and diversification of association governance resources should be ensured. The scientific and effective external regulation of association autonomy should be strengthened so as to realize the balance of association autonomy and restraint.