我国“教练员—运动员关系”结构演化及其再造策略

在社会学分析范式下，以本土社会体制结构的变迁为切入点，梳理我国"教练员-运动员关系"结构形成及发展变迁的历程。把握"教练员-运动员关系"结构特征演化规律，探解在市场经济体制发展过程中遭遇的困境，提出对"教练员-运动员关系"结构再造的理念与策略。研究认为，我国"教练员-运动员关系"结构的形成是源于传统社会家族伦理观念对人际关系普遍的道德约束，同时也继承了传统社会师徒关系的"身份等级"特征。进入市场经济体制后，尤其在我国体育职业化改革的实践过程中"教练员-运动员关系"结构的演化虽不是自发形成的，却在经历着一场从"身份"向"契约"的进程。同时也正在遭遇本土社会文化与制度所带来的发展困境。然而，这样的困境却可以通过对契约关系结构中弱势群体的身份化进行弥补，是基于对"身份"特征中道德认同意义上考虑形成的"契约式身份"。

Structural Change and Reconstruction of Coach-Athlete Relationship

Under the paradigm of sociological analysis, this paper summarizes the development of the "coach-athlete relation" in China on the basis of the social structure changes. Characteristics of changes of the "coach-athlete relation" structure and the difficulties encountered in the development of the market economic system were studied and reconstruction measures were proposed. Formation of the structure of "coach-athlete relationship" in China originated from the moral restriction of interpersonal relationship of the traditional social family, and inherited the hierarchy of traditional social mentoring relationship. Under the market economic system, especially through professional sports reform, even though the changes of the structure of "coach-athlete relationship" were not spontaneous, it changed from the identity relationship to contract relationship. Meanwhile, it must meet with the requirements under the development of the local social culture and system. However, difficulties could be solved through changing the identity of the weak by contract identity formed through moral identity.