学校体育课程教学的政策演变与制度创新

对新中国成立以来国家关于学校体育课程教学政策,以及20世纪末以来的学校体育课程教学制度建设进行系统梳理,并提出未来改革创新的思路与框架.总体分析,我国学校体育课程教学政策是以学生体质与健康为基点,从对体育课程性质、形式与内涵的规定,到以开放与规制、权利与义务理念为关键点,再到规范化、现代化发展的体育课程教学政策范式的相对连续的一系列行政决定,呈现出因不同时期的政治、经济社会环境变迁而发生重大变化的特征.就事业改革发展而言,则表现为由行政推动向制度推进的演变.近十年来,随着国家关于学校体育课程教学政策的调整与转向,学校体育课程教学制度建设进入积极探索阶段,其中最典型的是制度的适应性调整和基于资源开发利用的制度构建.研究认为,体育是基于身体活动和运动能力的特定的学校教育活动与社会文化现象,学校体育课程教学制度的创新关键是以强化创新主体为核心重构体育课程教学制度框架,以强化体育教育科研为“抓手”降低体育课程教学制度张力,以强化体育硬件建设为基础架设体育课程教学制度平台,以强化体育软件开发为路径丰富体育课程教学制度内涵.

Policy Evolution and System Innovation of School P.E.

In this paper,the national school P.E policy executed since the founding of the P.R.C and the situation of school P.E.system construction since the late twentieth century were studied and ideas about the future innovation and reform were put forward.The overall analysis showed that the relative policies were based on the students’physi cal fitness and health.They had changed drastically due to different different political,economic and social environ ments with regard to the nature,form and content requirements,restrictions,rights and obligations etc.System was weighed over governmental administration.Over the past decade,with changes of the national policy on school P.E.,the P.E.system construction had entered a new phase with focus on system construction and resource development and utilization.This study suggested that P.E,as a particular educational activity in schools and a social and cultur al phenomenon based on physical activities and exercise,should reinforce innovation,scientific research,facility construction,sports software development so that a better system could be established.