全民健身公共服务供给协商决策:实践困境与优化策略——基于协商民主理论视角

协商决策是贯彻落实全民健身国家战略、构建更高水平的全民健身公共服务体系的重要环节。采用实地调研、专家访谈等方法,依据协商民主理论探究全民健身公共服务供给协商决策的现实困境与优化策略。认为:吸纳—协商—决策是全民健身公共服务从需求整合到利益博弈再到供给落实的民主进路;目前,我国全民健身公共服务供给协商决策存在:体育服务复杂性与精英专家贤能影响议题吸纳、公共精神缺少与主体定位失准引发参与危机、政策保障不力与操作方式残缺制约协商成效、协商与决策存在张力致使决策落实陷入空转等实践困境。据此提出优化策略:引导公民理性参与和精准识别舆论意见完成议题吸纳;强化协商决策制度供给与培育公共精神助力协商参与;搭建全民健身服务协商决策平台体系推进可操作程序;政府引导与服务保障相结合实现协商与决策有效衔接。

Consultation and Decision-making of Public Service Supply in Fitness for All: Practical Dilemma and Optimization Strategy: From Perspective of Deliberative Democracy Theory

Consultation and decision-making is an important link in implementing the national strategy of fitness for all and building a higher-level public service system of fitness for all. Through field research and expert interview, and based on the theory of deliberative democracy, this paper explored the practical dilemma and optimization strategy of deliberative decision-making on the supply of public services in fitness for all. It was held that absorption consultation decision-making was a democratic approach for the public service of fitness for all from the integration of demand to the game of interests and then to the implementation of supply. At present, China’s public service supply consultation and decision-making of fitness for all existed: the complexity of the sports services and the ability of the elite experts influenced the absorption of topics, the lack of public spirit and the inaccurate positioning of the subject led to the participation crisis, the weak policy guarantee and incomplete operation mode restricted the effectiveness of consultation, and the tension between consultation and decision-making led to the idling of decision-making. Accordingly, optimization strategies included guiding citizens to participate rationally, identifying public opinions accurately to complete the absorption of topics, strengthening the supply of consultation and decision-making system and cultivating public spirit to help consultation and participation, building a national fitness service consultation and decision-making platform system and promote operable procedures, combining government guidance and service guarantee in order to realize the effective connection between consultation and decision-making.