新时代我国中小学体育与健康课程的整体构建与发展趋势

新时代我国中小学体育与健康课程改革方向和发展趋势以教育部颁布的体育与健康课程标准为主要标志。2017年版《普通高中体育与健康课程标准》和2022年版《义务教育体育与健康课程标准》两个版本课程标准虽然颁布时间不同,但却是一体化的思考和构建;按照学生身心发展规律、运动技能形成规律和体育与健康育人规律,既关注两个不同教育阶段的针对性和适宜性,又注重两个不同教育阶段之间的关联性和进阶性,使得两个不同教育阶段的体育与健康课程教学都在同一方向上改革、创新和发展,主要体现在都强调落实“立德树人”根本任务和“健康第一”教育理念,聚焦于培养学生运动能力、健康行为和体育品德三个方面核心素养;都强调围绕核心素养设置课程目标、课程内容、教学方式、学业质量、学习评价等;都强调结构化知识和技能教学、大单元教学设计、完整学习活动采用、复杂运动情境创设、适宜运动负荷要求、体能练习等有效措施和方法,旨在促进学生达到基于核心素养的学习目标,实现身心健康、体魄强健、全面发展。

Integrated Construction and Development Trend of School P.E. and Health Curriculum of China in the New Era

In the new era, the direction and development trend of P.E. and health curriculum reform in schoolsin China are mainly marked by the P.E. and health curriculum standards issued by the Ministry of Education of China. Although the 2017 and 2022 versions of curriculum standards were issued at different year, they displayed integrated thinking and construction. In accordance with the laws of the students’ physical and mental development, the rules of motor skill formation and the educational rules of P.E. and health education, both editions focused on the two different stages with different targets and adaptability, and paid attention to the integration of two different stages of education, heading for the same direction of reform, innovation and development. This was mainly reflected in the emphasis on the fundamental task of “fostering virtue and educating people” and the education concept of “health first”, focusing on cultivating the students’ sports ability, healthy behavior and sports morality. They all emphasized the curricular objectives, content, teaching methods, academic quality and learning evaluation around the key competencies. They emphasized effective measures and methods such as structured knowledge and skills teaching, large unit teaching design, integrative learning activities, complex learning and practice situation, appropriate exercise load requirements, and fitness infusion, aiming to help the students to achieve the learning objectives based on key competencies, and obtain physical and mental health, strong physique, and development in an all-round way.